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Fig. 5 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 5

From: Pre-diagnostic metabolite concentrations and prostate cancer risk in 1077 cases and 1077 matched controls in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Fig. 5

Odds ratios for advanced stage prostate cancer by concentration of selected metabolites. Advanced stage tumours were defined as T3–4 and/or N1–3 and/or M1, using the tumour-node-metastasis staging system. Metabolites with p for linear trend <0.05 were included in the figure, and values marked in boldface were statistically significant after allowing for multiple testing using a false discovery rate controlling procedure at α = 0.05 (Benjamini-Hochberg). Odds ratios for one standard deviation increase in metabolite concentrations, 95% confidence intervals and p values for linear trend were derived from a conditional logistic regression using log metabolite concentration divided by the standard deviation of log metabolite concentration as a continuous variable and adjusting for exact age (continuously), body mass index (fourths; unknown), smoking (never; past; current; unknown), alcohol intake (<10; 10–19; 20–39; ≥40 g of alcohol per day; unknown), education (primary or none; secondary; degree level; unknown) and marital status (married or cohabiting; not married or cohabiting; unknown)

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