Table 1 Patient characteristics
rIPC group (n = 27) | Control (n = 31) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
General data | Age (years) | 58.89 (±13.5) | 54.77 (±13.9) |
Sex (male/female) | 12/15 | 17/14 | |
BMI | 25.73 (±6.18)a | 25.42 (±4.12)b | |
Previous medical conditions | Arterial hypertension | 6 | 10 |
Coronary artery disease | 2 | 3 | |
Hypothyroidism | 6 | 3 | |
Atrial fibrillation | 1 | 0 | |
Hypercholesterolemia | 0 | 4 | |
Previous stroke | 0 | 0 | |
Smokers | 3 | 5 | |
Ex-smokers | 0 | 2 | |
Regular medications | Aspirin | 2 | 3 |
Beta blockers | 4 | 2 | |
Calcium channel blockers | 3 | 1 | |
ACE inhibitors | 5 | 6 | |
Anticoagulants | 1 | 0 | |
Anticonvulsants | 10 | 14 | |
Diuretics | 4 | 3 | |
Statins | 3 | 2 | |
Levothyroxine | 6 | 3 | |
Antidepressants | 3 | 4 | |
Other drugs | 1 | 5 | |
Clinical data | Patients undergoing first resection | 10 | 15 |
Previous radiotherapy | 8 | 9 | |
Previous chemotherapy | 10 | 10 | |
Glioma patients previously treated with temozolomide | 6 | 4 | |
Glioma patients previously treated with CCNU | 0 | 1 | |
Preoperative Karnofsky (%) | 90 (80–100) | 100 (80–100) | |
Tumor location | Frontal | 15 | 15 |
Temporal | 6 | 9 | |
Parietal | 2 | 3 | |
Basal ganglia | 1 | 2 | |
Other locations | 3 | 2 | |
Left hemisphere | 10 | 11 | |
Right hemisphere | 12 | 14 | |
Bilateral tumors | 5 | 6 | |
Surgical data | ASA PS 1 | 1 | 3 |
ASA PS 2 | 17 | 23 | |
ASA PS 3 | 6 | 3 | |
Surgery duration (h) | 2.71 (±0.87) | 2.62 (±0.9) | |
Use of intraoperative neuromonitoring (MEP/SEP) | 20 | 19 | |
Gross total resection | 13 | 13 | |
Near total resection | 9 | 12 | |
Subtotal resection | 5 | 6 | |
Intraoperative blood loss (ml) | 300 (200–300)c | 300 (200–600)d | |
Hypoxemia (SaO2 ≤ 92%) | 1 e | 0 f | |
Hypotension (MAP ≤65 mmHg) | 1 | 4 | |
Use of intraoperative corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | |
Intraoperative vessel damage | 0 | 0 | |
Histopathological findings in patients with glioma | LGG (WHO I and II) | 3 | 4 |
HGG (WHO III and IV) | 13 | 15 | |
Glioblastoma | 6 | 6 | |
Gliosarcoma | 0 | 1 | |
Diffuse astrocytoma | 2 | 3 | |
Anaplastic astrocytoma | 4 | 5 | |
Oligodendroglioma | 0 | 1 | |
Anaplastic oligodendroglioma | 2 | 3 | |
Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma | 1 | 0 | |
Ganglioglioma | 1 | 0 | |
MGMT methylation | 5 | 7 | |
1p/19q codeletion | 4 | 4 | |
IDH1 mutation | 7 | 10 | |
Histopathological findings in patients with metastasis | Adenocarcinoma | 6 | 4 |
Undifferentiated carcinoma | 0 | 2 | |
Melanoma | 3 | 1 | |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 1 | 1 | |
Other | 1 | 4 | |