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Table 3 Effect of pragmatic lifestyle modification as compared to control lifestyle modification on the incidence of the primary cardio-metabolic composite endpoint and its individual components in 1814 healthy participants aged above 18 and 1725 below 18 years of age

From: A pragmatic lifestyle modification programme reduces the incidence of predictors of cardio-metabolic disease and dysglycaemia in a young healthy urban South Asian population: a randomised controlled trial

Component of primary composite endpoint

Pragmatic lifestyle modification

Control lifestyle modification

Incident rate ratio (95% confidence Intervals)

P value

Participants aged ≥ 18 years

n = 876

n = 938

  

 Composite

339

387

0.93 (0.86–1.03)

0.11

 New onset T2DM

54

63

0.9 (0.73–1.11)

0.35

 New onset IGT

97

105

1.01 (0.87–1.17)

0.89

 New onset IFG

88

115

0.78 (0.67–0.91)

0.02

 New onset dysglycaemiaa

239

283

0.9 (0.82–1.00)

0.051

 Hypertension

82

95

0.91 (0.77–1.089)

0.31

 Statin therapy

38

45

0.89 (0.69–1.15)

0.39

 Renal disease events

0

4

 

N/A

 Cardiovascular events

1

0

 

N/A

 Deaths

1

0

 

N/A

Participants aged < 18 years

n = 850

n = 875

  

 Composite

140

174

0.83 (0.73–0.94)

0.004

 New onset T2DM

4

9

0.48 (0.24–0.94)

0.032

 New onset IGT

46

63

0.74 (0.60–0.90)

0.009

 New onset IFG

58

51

1.13 (0.93–1.4)

0.13

 New onset dysglycaemiaa

113

133

0.91 (0.79–1.03)

0.24

 Hypertension

33

57

0.60 (0.47–0.76)

0.001

 Statin therapy

3

1

2.89 (0.77–10.7

0.11

 Renal disease events

2

4

0.5 (0.19–1.33)

0.16

 Cardiovascular events

0

0

 

N/A

 Deaths

1

0

 

N/A

  1. aComposite of T2DM, IFG and IGT. T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, IGT impaired glucose tolerance, IFG impaired fasting glycaemia, N/A not applicable