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Table 3 Association of acute seizures with binary behavioural and emotional problems as the outcome/dependent variable

From: Prevalence, risk factors and behavioural and emotional comorbidity of acute seizures in young Kenyan children: a population-based study

Behavioural and emotional problems

Number without acute seizures (N = 3073)

Acute seizures (200)

Adjusted RR (95% CI)a

AICa

Adjusted RR (95% CI)b

AICb

AICb < AICa

Total problems

366 (12%)

54 (27%)

2.24 (1.75–2.88)

0.78

2.40 (1.61–3.58)

0.41

Yes

Externalising problems

302 (10%)

36 (18%)

1.76 (1.28–2.41)

0.67

2.09 (1.40–3.13)

0.41

Yes

Internalising problems

648 (21%)

80 (40%)

1.92 (1.60–2.31)

1.11

1.99 (1.40–2.91)

0.41

Yes

CBCL syndromes

 Emotionally reactive

299 (10%)

32 (16%)

1.67 (1.19–2.33)

0.67

1.38 (0.86–2.21)

0.41

Yes

 Anxious or depressed

362 (12%)

55 (28%)

2.38 (1.86–3.05)

0.77

2.18 (1.50–3.18)

0.41

Yes

 Somatic problems

622 (20%)

73 (37%)

1.77 (1.45–2.15)

1.08

2.15 (1.52–3.05)

0.41

Yes

 Withdrawn

327 (11%)

33 (17%)

1.58 (1.14–2.20)

0.71

1.27 (0.78–2.05)

0.41

Yes

 Sleep problems

100 (3%)

14 (7%)

2.06 (1.19–3.57)

0.30

1.82 (1.00–3.35)

0.41

Yes

 Attention problems

461 (15%)

41 (21%)

1.33 (1.00–1.76)

0.89

1.52 (1.04–2.23)

0.41

Yes

 Aggressive behaviour

166 (5%)

23 (12%)

2.04 (1.36–3.07)

0.44

1.87 (1.19–2.94)

0.41

Yes

DSM-oriented scales

 Affective problems

163 (5%)

26 (13%)

2.41 (1.65–3.53)

0.44

2.05 (1.18–3.54)

0.39

Yes

 Anxiety problems

363 (12%)

45 (23%)

1.91 (1.45–2.52)

0.77

1.64 (1.14–2.35)

0.67

Yes

 Pervasive developmental problems

157 (5%)

16 (8%)

1.59 (0.98–2.60)

0.42

0.85 (0.42–1.73)

0.37

Yes

 Attention deficit or hyperactivity problems

146 (5%)

17 (8%)

1.72 (1.06–2.77)

0.40

1.38 (0.69–2.75)

0.34

Yes

 Oppositional defiant problems

71 (2%)

5 (3%)

1.02 (0.42–2.51)

0.22

1.01 (0.31–3.30)

0.18

Yes

  1. AIC Akaike’s information criterion, CBCL Child Behaviour Checklist, CI confidence interval, RR risk ratio
  2. aModel one, in which RR is adjusted for child’s age and sex and region of residence. bModel two, in which RR is adjusted for known non-seizure risk factors for behavioural and emotional problems namely pregnancy problems, perinatal complications, maternal age, maternal employment, house status and head injury, in addition to those adjusted in model one. The italicised RR reached a cut-off p-value of 0.05 or less, or their lower CI did not cross over 1 
  3. Behavioural and emotional problems were entered into the model as binary variables