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Table 5 Univariate baseline differences between classes, cancer

From: General and disease-specific pain trajectories as predictors of social and political outcomes in arthritis and cancer

Covariate

Emerging chronic pain (a)N = 308

Low severity chronic pain (b)N = 48

Fluctuating chronic pain (c)N = 99

Corrected p (false discovery rate)

BMI

26.12 (6.16)

26.71 (9.02)

24.40 (10.22)

0.30

Age

66.44 (10.50)

62.52 (11.90)c

68.02 (11.14)b

0.042*

GHQ-12

0.86 (2.08)b, c

2.29 (3.41)a

1.82 (2.74)a

< 0.001***

Sex (F)

172 (55.84%)

35 (72.92%)

60 (60.61%)

0.18

Non-white ethnicity

1 (0.33%)

1 (2.08%)

5 (5.26%)

0.015*

Alcohol:

   

0.015*

 Non-drinker

21 (6.82%)c

7 (14.58%)

15 (15.15%)c

 

 Special occasions

46 (14.94%)

7 (14.58%)

27 (27.27%)

 

 Monthly

38 (12.34%)

11 (22.92%)

6 (6.06%)

 

 Weekly

95 (30.84%)

10 (20.83%)

22 (22.22%)

 

 Daily

85 (27.60%)

11 (22.92%)

24 (24.24%)

 

  > 2 daily

72 (7.14%)

2 (4.17%)

4 (4.04%)

 

Qualifications

   

0.006**

 Higher education

103 (33.44%)c

10 (20.83%)

14 (14.14%)a

 

 Secondary education

74 (24.03%)

16 (33.33%)

20 (20.20%)

 

 Foreign/other

28 (9.09%)

6 (12.50%)

12 (12.12%)

 

 None

103 (33.44%)

16 (33.33%)

53 (53.54%)

 

 Ever smoked

198 (64.29%)

25 (52.08%)

65 (65.66%)

0.26

 Current smoker

40 (12.99%)

8 (16.67%)

16 (16.16%)

0.67

Type of cancer

   

0.26

 Lung

5 (1.62%)

1 (2.08%)

7 (7.07%)

 

 Breast

95 (30.84%)

18 (37.50%)

30 (30.30%)

 

 Colon, bowel or rectum

37 (12.01%)

6 (12.50%)

14 (14.14%)

 

 Lymphoma

14 (4.55%)

1 (2.08%)

2 (2.02%)

 

 Leukaemia

0

1 (2.08%)

1 (1.01%)

 

 Melanoma

27 (8.77%)

3 (6.25%)

9 (9.09%)

 

 Other

130 (42.21%)

18 (37.50%)

36 (36.37%)

 

 Years since cancer diagnosis

8.21 (8.35)

8.06 (8.20)

8.33 (8.25)

0.98

 Holidays

1.87 (1.00)

1.78 (0.94)

1.70 (1.08)

0.45

 Civic engagement

0.75 (0.92)

0.70 (0.81)

0.53 (0.83)

0.26

 Social engagement

0.65 (0.85)

0.43 (0.62)

0.49 (0.69)

0.23

 Social activities

2.21 (1.19)c

2.29 (1.21)c

1.56 (1.09)a, b

0.006**

 Wishing to do more social activities

1.01 (1.30)

1.41 (1.50)

1.38 (1.33)

0.24

 Voted, 2001

254 (89.12%)

33 (82.62%)

66 (81.48%)

0.24

 Voted, 2005

158 (91.28%)b, c

19 (76.00%)a

33 (78.57%)a

0.031*

 Political membership

36 (13.09%)

2 (4.35%)

11 (14.67%)

0.26

  1. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
  2. Standard deviations are reported in brackets for continuous variables (BMI, age, GHQ-12 and social engagement measures)
  3. Superscripted letters denote a significant post-hoc difference between columns