Ethnic minority inequalities in access to treatments for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders: findings from a nationally representative cross-sectional study

Table 2 Receipt of treatments by ethnicity

	Full sample		White		Asian/ Asian British		Black / Black British		Chinese/ Other		Mixed
	N	(%)	N	(%)	N	(%)	N	(%)	N	(%)	N	(%)	χ²; p value
Totals	10,504		8368		861		883		183		209
Antipsychotic prescribing
In receipt of an antipsychotic	10,111	96%	8068	96%	828	96%	839	95%	174	95%	202	97%	χ² = 5.16; p = 0.27
Prescribed SGA vs FGA^a	4396	65%	3362	64%	428	70%	418	63%	97	73%	91	68%	χ² = 13.41; p = 0.009
Prescribed depot	3336	32%	2640	32%	257	30%	335	38%	46	25%	58	28%	χ² = 22.4; p < 0.001
Prescribed clozapine^b	719	26%	589	27%	57	23%	46	18%	12	26%	15	28%	χ² = 9.18; p = 0.06
Prescribed > 100% BNF recommended dose	1048	10%	869	10%	69	8%	65	7%	16	9%	29	14%	χ² = 15.82; p = 0.003
Prescribed 2+ antipsychotics, exc. clozapine	1229	12%	1019	12%	91	11%	78	9%	16	9%	25	12%	χ² = 11.50; p = 0.02
Shared decision making
Service user involved in deciding which antipsychotic prescribed	6070	59%	4861	59%	470	55%	514	59%	99	55%	126	62%	χ² = 6.17; p = 0.19
Provided with written info on medication or alternative	4244	41%	3373	40%	349	41%	367	42%	71	39%	84	41%	χ² = 0.69; p = 0.95
Benefits/side effects of the antipsychotic explained	7421	71%	5885	71%	604	70%	650	74%	125	69%	157	76%	χ² = 6.94; p = 0.14
Psychological treatments
CBT ever offered	3578	34%	2826	34%	276	32%	325	37%	57	31%	94	45%	χ² = 16.60; p = 0.002
Family therapy ever offered	1554	15%	1176	14%	187	22%	114	13%	36	20%	41	20%	χ²=46.35; p < 0.001
Care plan^c
Service user has a current care plan	5263	95%	4208	96%	408	91%	435	96%	98	91%	114	98%	χ² = 24.34; p < 0.001

^aSecond generation antipsychotic (SGA) vs first generation antipsychotic (FGA), excluding people prescribed either clozapine, both FGA and SGA or no antipsychotics; totals: full sample n = 6775, White n = 5237, Asian/Asian British n = 612, Black/Black British n = 661, Chinese/Other n = 132 Mixed n = 1331
^bClozapine prescribing restricted to n = 2793 people not in remission (partial remission with substantial disability or not in remission at all)
^cAsked in second wave only

ISSN: 1741-7015