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Table 3 Baseline characteristics and cardiovascular changes: differences between patients with and without AD

From: Prediction of autonomic dysreflexia during urodynamics: a prospective cohort study

Characteristics

No AD (n = 96)

AD (n = 204)

p value

Sex

 Male vs. female, no. (%)

88 (92) vs. 8 (8)

171 (84) vs. 33 (16)

0.065

 Mean (SD) age (years)

49 (15)

53 (16)

0.044

 Mean (SD) time after SCI (years)

10 (10)

11 (12)

0.706

Stage of SCIa

 Acute vs. chronic, no. (%)

20 (21) vs. 76 (79)

48 (23) vs. 156 (77)

0.603

Type of plegia

 Tetraplegic vs. paraplegic, no. (%)

10 (10) vs. 86 (90)

88 (43) vs. 116 (57)

< 0.001

Completeness of lesion (AIS)

 Complete (AIS A) vs. incomplete (AIS B–D), no. (%)

41 (43) vs. 55 (57)

79 (39) vs. 125 (61)

0.511

 Motor complete (AIS A–B) vs. incomplete (AIS C–D), no. (%)

55 (57) vs. 41 (43)

115 (56) vs. 89 (44)

0.881

 AIS A, no. (%)

41 (43)

79 (39)

 

 AIS B, no. (%)

14 (15)

36 (18)

 

 AIS C, no. (%)

14 (15)

31 (15)

 

 AIS D, no. (%)

27 (28)

58 (28)

 

Lesion level

 At or above T6 vs. below T6, no. (%)

27 (28) vs. 69 (72)

139 (68) vs. 65 (32)

< 0.001

 Cervical, no. (%)

10 (10)

88 (43)

 

 Thoracic, no. (%)

72 (75)

100 (49)

 

 Lumbar (L1–L2), no. (%)

14 (15)

16 (8)

 

Start of UDIb

 Blood pressure

   

  Mean (SD) systolic (mmHg)

133 (22)

124 (23)

0.001

  Mean (SD) diastolic (mmHg)

79 (15)

74 (12)

0.001

 Mean (SD) heart rate (bpm)

74 (15)

76 (16)

0.458

Cardiovascular change (Δ) during UDIb

 Blood pressure

   

  Mean (SD) systolic (mmHg)

7 (8)

58 (29)

< 0.001

  Mean (SD) diastolic (mmHg)

5 (6)

23 (13)

< 0.001

 Mean (SD) heart rate (bpm)

1 (8)

–11 (15)

< 0.001

Presence of NDOb

 Yes vs. No, no. (%)

70 (73) vs. 26 (27)

179 (88) vs. 25 (12)

0.001

  1. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between patients with and without autonomic dysreflexia are highlighted in bold
  2. All values are presented as mean (SD) or number of patients (%)
  3. aSCI defined as “acute” upon 300 days since injury and “chronic” after 300 days according to the European Multicenter Study about Spinal Cord Injury (EMSCI, www.emsci.org)
  4. bIndicating the worse of two same session UDIs
  5. AD autonomic dysreflexia, AIS American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale, NDO neurogenic detrusor overactivity, SCI spinal cord injury, SD standard deviation, UDI urodynamic investigation