Table 2 Impact of being high-risk opioid users and its magnitude on prospective costs
| Â | Total cost | Medical cost | Drug cost |
|---|---|---|---|
Crude cost ratio – binary indicator | |||
 Chronic users | 2.85** (2.69–3.03) | 2.25** (2.11–2.40) | 5.30** (4.96–5.67) |
 Concomitant users | 2.61** (2.52–2.69) | 2.40** (2.32–2.49) | 3.45** (3.32–3.58) |
 Opioid disorder | 2.36** (2.19–2.54) | 2.36** (2.18–2.56) | 2.36** (2.17–2.56) |
Adjusted cost ratio (with covariates and weighting) – binary indicator | |||
 Chronic users | 1.40** (1.39–1.42) | 1.03* (1.02–1.04) | 2.72** (2.69–2.75) |
 Concomitant users | 1.13** (1.12–1.14) | 1.07** (1.06–1.08) | 1.41** (1.40–1.43) |
 Opioid disorder | 1.28** (1.26–1.29) | 1.21** (1.20–1.23) | 1.63** (1.62–1.65) |
Crude cost ratio (one level/count increase in magnitude/membership: 0–3) | |||
 Magnitude of chronic users | 1.62** (1.57–1.66) | 1.44** (1.39–1.49) | 2.17** (2.10–2.25) |
 Magnitude of concomitant users | 1.54** (1.52–1.57) | 1.48** (1.45–1.50) | 1.76** (1.73–1.79) |
 Magnitude of opioid disorder | 1.48** (1.43–1.54) | 1.48** (1.42–1.54) | 1.48** (1.42–1.54) |
 Count of high-risk group membership | 2.18** (2.12–2.23) | 2.02** (1.96–2.07) | 2.81** (2.73–2.89) |
Adjusted cost ratio (with covariates; one level/count increase in magnitude/membership: 0–3) | |||
 Magnitude of chronic users | 1.19** (1.16–1.23) | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 1.79** (1.74–1.84) |
 Magnitude of concomitant users | 1.04** (1.03–1.06) | 1.02 (1.00–1.03) | 1.14** (1.13–1.16) |
 Magnitude of opioid disorder | 1.19** (1.14–1.23) | 1.20** (1.15–1.26) | 1.27** (1.22–1.32) |
 Count of high-risk group membership | 1.17** (1.14–1.20) | 1.06** (1.03–1.10) | 1.64** (1.59–1.68) |