First author, year (region) | Sex | Age (years) | Predisposing risk factors | Severity of thrombosis | Symptoms of thrombosis | Management | Outcomes | Interval from diagnosis to vessel patency |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Borja, 2016 [25] (Singapore) | Female | 60 | Cryptogenic liver cirrhosis; invasive ductal carcinoma of left breast | Nonocclusive portal vein thrombus (< 50%) | Distended abdomen with ascites | Antibiotics; bedside ascitic fluid drainage; no antithrombotic treatment | Completely patent | 11 months |
Lai, 1997 [24] (Taiwan) | Male | 67 | Liver cirrhosis; esophageal transection and splenectomy | Nonocclusive portal vein thrombus within portal trunk and right portal vein | Ascites; icteric sclera | Conservative treatment with close observation; no antithrombotic treatment | Completely patent | 2 months |
Spahr, 1996 [23] (Canada) | Male | 45 | Alcoholic liver cirrhosis; accidental gallbladder puncture during transjugular liver biopsy | Thrombus within the right intrahepatic branch, left intrahepatic branch, main portal vein, and splenic vein (degree of thrombosis was unclear) | Slight epigastric discomfort | No invasive maneuvers, such as thrombolysis, were initiated. The patient was treated conservatively | Completely patent | 7 weeks |