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Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to HBsAg status at baseline for 469,459 participants

From: Chronic hepatitis B virus infection and risk of chronic kidney disease: a population-based prospective cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults

 

HBsAg negative

HBsAg positive

p value

Number of participants

454,588

14,871

 

Age (years)

51.1

48.6

<0.001

Men (%)

40.8

46.9

<0.001

Rural area (%)

56.7

48.7

<0.001

Married (%)

90.9

90.3

0.024

Middle school and higher (%)

49.5

47.4

<0.001

Daily smoker (%)

 Men

67.7

68.4

0.231

 Women

2.6

2.9

0.104

Daily drinker (%)

 Men

20.9

20.2

0.165

 Women

0.9

1.1

0.046

Physical activity (MET-h/day)

21.5

21.4

0.650

Weekly consumption*

 Red meat (day)

3.7

3.7

0.002

 Fresh vegetables (day)

6.8

6.8

0.738

 Fresh fruit (day)

2.5

2.5

0.014

Body mass index (kg/m2)

23.6

23.5

<0.001

Postmenopausal (%)

50.7

50.9

0.521

Prevalent diabetes (%)

5.4

5.7

0.075

Prevalent hypertension (%)

33.9

32.3

< 0.001

Prevalent rheumatic arthritis (%)

1.9

1.8

0.448

Prevalent chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis (%)

0.8

10.8

< 0.001

 Medical history (years)

17.2

12.6

< 0.001

 Under treatment at baseline (%)

10.4

19.1

< 0.001

  1. All variables were adjusted for age, sex, and survey sites, as appropriate
  2. HBsAg hepatitis virus B surface antigen, MET metabolic equivalent of task
  3. *Weekly consumption of red meat, fresh vegetables, and fresh fruit was calculated by assigning participants to the midpoint of their consumption category
  4. Variables obtained or partly obtained by physical measurements. Other variables were obtained through the questionnaire
  5. Among participants with prevalent chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis at baseline