Chronic hepatitis B virus infection and risk of chronic kidney disease: a population-based prospective cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults

Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to HBsAg status at baseline for 469,459 participants

	HBsAg negative	HBsAg positive	p value
Number of participants	454,588	14,871
Age (years)	51.1	48.6	<0.001
Men (%)	40.8	46.9	<0.001
Rural area (%)	56.7	48.7	<0.001
Married (%)	90.9	90.3	0.024
Middle school and higher (%)	49.5	47.4	<0.001
Daily smoker (%)
Men	67.7	68.4	0.231
Women	2.6	2.9	0.104
Daily drinker (%)
Men	20.9	20.2	0.165
Women	0.9	1.1	0.046
Physical activity (MET-h/day)	21.5	21.4	0.650
Weekly consumption^*
Red meat (day)	3.7	3.7	0.002
Fresh vegetables (day)	6.8	6.8	0.738
Fresh fruit (day)	2.5	2.5	0.014
Body mass index (kg/m²)^†	23.6	23.5	<0.001
Postmenopausal (%)	50.7	50.9	0.521
Prevalent diabetes (%)^†	5.4	5.7	0.075
Prevalent hypertension (%)^†	33.9	32.3	< 0.001
Prevalent rheumatic arthritis (%)	1.9	1.8	0.448
Prevalent chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis (%)	0.8	10.8	< 0.001
Medical history (years)^‡	17.2	12.6	< 0.001
Under treatment at baseline (%)^‡	10.4	19.1	< 0.001

All variables were adjusted for age, sex, and survey sites, as appropriate
HBsAg hepatitis virus B surface antigen, MET metabolic equivalent of task
^*Weekly consumption of red meat, fresh vegetables, and fresh fruit was calculated by assigning participants to the midpoint of their consumption category
^†Variables obtained or partly obtained by physical measurements. Other variables were obtained through the questionnaire
^‡Among participants with prevalent chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis at baseline

ISSN: 1741-7015