Skip to main content

Table 2 Details of evidence grading for meta-analyses investigating associations of depression and mortality

From: The association of depression and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Author, year

Population

Mortality type

Sample size MDD/Deaths

k

Largest study ES (95% CI)a

Random effects summary RRb (95% CI)

Random effects P valuec

95% prediction interval

I2 (%)

Excess significance O/Ed

Excess significance P- value

Associations supported by highly suggestive evidence

Cuijpers, 2014 [51]

Satin, 2009 [62]

Cancer

All-cause

4034/4817

23

1.37 (1.26–1.50)

1.55 (1.32–1.81)

< 10−6

0.80–2.50

69.6

11/4.53

< 0.001

Cuijpers, 2014 [51]

Sorensen, 2005 [64]

Meijer, 2013 [67]

van Melle, 2004 [58]

Post-AMI

All-cause

4183/2358

20

1.48 (1.12–1.96)

2.09 (1.66–2.63)

< 10−6

0.89–3.54

66.6

12/11.0

0.64

Cuijpers, 2014 [51]

Fan, 2014 [28]

Gathright 2017 [54]

Sokoreli, 2016 [63]

HF

All-cause

3418/4345

22

1.33 (1.19–1.42)

1.46 (1.30–1.65)

< 10−6

0.89–1.92

81.0

14/6.5

< 0.001

Baxter, 2011 [50]

Cuijpers, 2002 [19]

Cuijpers, 2014 [51]

Walker, 2015 [16]

Mixed-samplee

All-cause

87,633/242577

111

1.77 (1.41–2.17)

1.48 (1.39–1.58)

< 10−6

0.84–2.23

89.3

55/17.8

0.00

Associations supported by suggestive evidence

Barth, 2004 [26]

Cuijpers, 2014 [51]

Leung, 2012 [56]

Meijer, 2013 [67]

CHD

All-cause

2284/1533

10

1.21 (1.04–1.42)

1.57 (1.27–1.94)

< 10−4

1.16–1.47

62.6

5/1.18

< 0.001

Cuijpers, 2014 [51]

Hofmann, 2013 [55]

Park, 2013 [60]

DM

All-cause

4373/7452

12

1.06 (0.96–1.18)

1.60 (1.30–1.80)

< 10−6

0.90–3.21

83.6

8/5.72

0.18

Associations supported by weak evidence

Cuijpers, 2014 [51]

Stenman, 2016 [65]

CABG

All-cause

503/347

4

2.40 (1.40–4.00)

1.93 (1.43–2.60)

< 10−4

1.09–3.18

0

2/2.32

0.74

Cuijpers, 2014 [51]

Meijer, 2013 [67]

ACS

All-cause

324/163

3

2.80 (1.40–5.07)

1.82 (1.02–3.26)

0.04

0.06–48.2

86.4

2/0.54

0.02

Bartoli, 2013 [20]

Cuijpers, 2014 [51]

Pan, 2011 [59]

Stroke

All-cause

3103/414

7

1.13 (1.06–1.21)

1.46 (1.15–1.85)

0.002

0.80–2.13

62.1

4/0.04

0.00

Pan, 2011 [59]

Stroke

Fatal Stroke

1600/377

4

1.66 (1.16–2.39)

1.58 (1.00–2.50)

0.049

0.21–8.07

46.7

2/0.02

0.00

Cuijpers, 2014 [51]

Dew, 2015 [52]

Post-transplant patientsf

All-cause

405/433

6

1.66 (1.12–2.47)

1.64 (1.37–1.95)

< 10−2

0.71–2.65

36.5

4/0.86

< 10− 3

Cuijpers, 2014 [51]

HIV

All-cause

1977/1580

4

1.60 (1.32–1.92)

1.30 (1.05–1.61)

0.017

0.61–2.70

55.1

1/1.79

0.42

Meijer, 2011 [57]

AMI

Cardiovascular Mortality

995/114

5

5.51 (0.61–49.18)

2.98 (1.65–5.38)

< 10−3

0.26–15.80

42.3

3/2.37

0.57

Cuijpers, 2014 [51]

Palmer, 2013 [27]

CKD

All-cause

922/930

12

0.98 (0.72–1.34)

1.66 (1.20–2.30)

< 10−2

0.84–1.40

44.4

4/0.17

0.00

Cuijpers, 2014 [51]

COPD

All-cause

338/261

5

1.93 (1.04–3.58)

2.34 (1.69–3.24)

< 10−6

1.23–3.63

0.00

4/3.01

0.25

van Dooren, 2013 [53]

DM

Cardiovascular

1255/536

4

1.25 (0.83–1.86)

1.48 (1.08–2.03)

0.014

0.61–3.00

52.5

2/0.38

< 10−2

Correll, 2017 [66]

Mixed samplesg

Cardiovascular mortality

175,726/14495

4

1.00 (0.85–1.17)

1.56 (1.08–2.24)

0.018

0.34–6.82

87.8

3/1.00

0.02

  1. ACS acute coronary syndrome, AMI acute myocardial infarction, CA cancer, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, CHD coronary heart disease, CI confidence interval, CKD chronic kidney disease, COPD chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, DM diabetes mellitus, E expected, ES effect size, HF heart failure, MDD major depressive disorder, O observed, RR risk ratio
  2. aRelative risk and 95% confidence interval of largest study (smallest standard error) in each meta-analysis
  3. bRandom effects refer to summary effect size (95% confidence interval) using the random effects model
  4. cP value of summary random effects estimate
  5. dExpected number of statistically significant studies using the point estimate of the largest study (smallest standard error) as the plausible effect size
  6. eKidney, liver, heart, and lung transplantation
  7. fIncludes community samples, inpatients, outpatients, and primary care samples
  8. gIncludes community, outpatient, and inpatient samples
Back to article page

BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

Contact us