Insufficient data reported | No individual patient data reported, reporting only P value | 62 |
No data on the number of resistant isolates | 49 | |
No data on the number of patients exposed to antibiotics | 47 | |
Time between antibiotic exposure and isolation of resistance not reported | 14 | |
Contacted authors and no response received or full text not received (for conference abstracts) | 23 | |
Ineligible participant criteria | Hospitalised patients >50% (or hospital-associated infections or inpatients) | 89 |
Patients with persistent infections, device-related infections or tract abnormalities | 11 | |
Immunocompromised patients | 5 | |
>50% nursing home residents | 1 | |
Reporting gene mutations or in vitro resistant isolates | 5 | |
Ineligible exposure | Prolonged antibiotic exposure (>2Â weeks of exposure) | 33 |
Pharmacokinetics of antibiotic exposure | 2 | |
Ineligible outcome data | No before and after outcome data in studies in which all patients received antibiotic treatment | 11 |
Mixed data between resistant and susceptible isolates or all patients have resistant isolates | 7 | |
Ineligible study design | Case series, case reports, reviews and reports | 8 |
Duplicates | Â | 12 |
Total | Â | 379 |