Exploring causality in the association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and colorectal cancer risk: a large Mendelian randomisation study

Table 4 Main results of Mendelian randomisation analysis in 18,967 colorectal cancer cases and 48,168 controls using summary statistic approach

Methods	Causal estimates (95% CI)^a	P value	P _int
IVW	0.91 (0.69–1.19)	0.475	NA
Robust IVW	0.90 (0.74–1.09)	0.318	NA
Penalised IVW	0.91 (0.69–1.19)	0.475	NA
MR-Egger	0.83 (0.51–1.34)	0.452	0.657
Robust MR-Egger	0.83 (0.67–1.03)	0.09	0.61
Penalised MR-Egger	0.83 (0.51–1.34)	0.452	0.657
Simple median	0.80 (0.49–1.30)	0.375	NA
Weighted median	0.84 (0.62–1.15)	0.278	NA
Penalised weighted median	0.84 (0.62–1.15)	0.278	NA

^aChange in colorectal cancer risk per unit log-transformed 25-hydroxyvitamin D (nmol/L)
CI confidence interval, IVW inverse variance weighted, MR Mendelian randomisation, NA not available, P_int P value of Egger regression test on the intercept

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