Table 2 Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) mean total and subscale scores for young refugees and comparison with Australian norms

BNLA (5–10)

AUS (7 to 10)

BNLA (5–10)

AUS (7 to 10)

n = 109

n = 160

t test p

n = 97

n = 197

t test p

10.1 (0.59)

9.9 (0.51)

0.733

8.7 (0.56)

7.7 (0.41)

0.074

2.4 (0.22)

2.3 (0.17)

0.794

2.0 (0.23)

2.3 (0.14)

0.264

1.7 (0.16)

1.8 (0.13)

0.439

1.3 (0.17)

1.3 (0.11)

0.908

3.6 (0.23)

4.1 (0.21)

0.037*

3.1 (0.21)

2.6 (0.16)

0.023*

2.4 (0.17)

1.8 (0.16)

0.000***

2.3 (0.16)

1.5 (0.14)

0.000***

7.7 (0.23)

8.0 (0.14)

0.146

8.3 (0.22)

8.7 (0.11)

0.097

BNLA (11–13)

AUS (11–13)

BNLA (11–13)

AUS (11–13)

n = 86

n = 148

t test p

n = 81

n = 144

8.6 (0.57)

8.8 (0.45)

0.779

8.8 (0.65)

8.0 (0.51)

0.198

2.3 (0.21)

2.0 (0.16)

0.147

3.0 (0.26)

2.6 (0.18)

0.155

1.4 (0.15)

2.0 (0.15)

0.000***

1.4 (0.22)

1.3 (0.12)

0.754

2.6 (0.21)

3.2 (0.19)

0.008*

2.3 (0.20)

2.6 (0.18)

0.179

2.4 (0.20)

1.7 (0.13)

0.001***

2.2 (0.19)

1.4 (0.13)

0.000***

8.1 (0.18)

7.8 (0.16)

0.115

8.3 (0.17)

8.6 (0.12)

0.058

BNLA (14–17)

AUS (14–17)

BNLA (14–17)

AUS (14–17)

n = 127

n = 115

t test p

n = 112

n = 144

t test p

8.1 (0.41)

10.1 (0.56)

0.000***

10.3 (0.57)

9.1 (0.40)

0.036*

2.1 (0.17)

2.1 (0.19)

0.788

3.2 (0.24)

2.9 (0.16)

0.152

1.3 (0.13)

2.4 (0.18)

0.000***

1.8 (0.14)

1.7 (0.12)

0.559

2.6 (0.14)

4.0 (0.22)

0.000***

2.6 (0.16)

3.1 (0.18)

0.003*

2.2 (0.13)

1.6 (0.15)

0.000***

2.6 (0.17)

1.4 (0.12)

0.000***

7.9 (0.18)

7.3 (0.17)

0.001***

8.2 (0.16)

8.4 (0.13)

0.294