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Table 3 Cost-effectiveness ratios (£/QALY) for continuing the QOF versus stopping the QOF under various model scenarios

From: Modelling the cost-effectiveness of pay-for-performance in primary care in the UK

QOF effects beyond mortality

How long QOF mortality benefit is sustained if QOF discontinued**

Non-fatal outcomes

Increased drug costs

No waning

1-year waning

3-year waning

5-year waning

10-year waning

Included

Included

49,362*

51,970

57,616

63,765

81,428

Included

Not included

48,768

51,347

56,931

63,011

80,478

Not included

Included

80,515

84,323

92,565

101,535

127,281

Not included

Not included

79,657

83,424

91,575

100,446

125,907

  1. QOF Quality and Outcomes Framework, QALY quality-adjusted life year
  2. *Base-case scenario: non-fatal outcomes and increased drug costs included and instant changes in the QOF mortality benefit if the QOF is discontinued
  3. **In waning scenarios, we assumed linear declines in the QOF mortality benefit from the first year in the model to a time in the future (1, 3, 5 or 10 years from the model start), at which point the mortality benefit from the QOF would equal zero