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Table 6 Odds ratios for pregnancy outcomes by regions

From: Gestational weight gain across continents and ethnicity: systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal and infant outcomes in more than one million women

Outcome

USA and Europe

Asia overall

Regional BMI studies (Chinese and Korean)

WHO BMI studies (Japanese and Taiwanese)

GWG < guidelines

GWG > guidelines

GWG < guidelines

GWG > guidelines

GWG < guidelines

GWG > guidelines

GWG < guidelines

GWG > guidelines

SGA

1.51 (1.39, 1.63)

0.65 (0.62, 0.69)

1.63 (1.45, 1.82)

0.69 (0.63, 0.76)

1.43 (1.2, 1.7)

0.65 (0.57, 0.75)

1.77 (1.56, 2.01)

0.70 (0.63, 0.79)

Preterm birth

1.35 (1.17, 1.56)

0.83 (0.74, 0.94)

1.06 (0.78, 1.44)

0.71 (0.58, 0.87)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

LGA

0.62 (0.57, 0.68)

1.93 (1.81, 2.06)

0.55 (0.48, 0.63)

1.68 (1.51, 1.87)

0.61 (0.48, 0.76)

1.86 (1.66, 2.09)

0.49 (0.39, 0.62)

1.49 (1.18, 1.87)

Macrosomia

0.62 (0.54, 0.70)

1.87 (1.70, 2.06)

0.60 (0.47, 0.77)

2.18 (1.91, 2.49)

0.75 (0.68, 0.83)

2.0 (1.71, 2.34)

0.52 (0.31, 0.88)

2.76 (2.25, 3.38)

Caesarean section

0.92 (0.87, 0.98)

1.26 (1.21, 1.33)

0.98 (0.89, 1.06)

1.37 (1.30, 1.45)

0.94 (0.85, 1.04)

1.43 (1.34, 1.52)

1.02 (0.92, 1.14)

1.32 (1.19, 1.46)

  1. N/A Unable to perform meta-analysis for preterm birth because less than 2 studies within each region