Impact of preventive primary care on children’s unplanned hospital admissions: a population-based birth cohort study of UK children 2000–2013

Table 3 Association of preventive primary care, comorbidity and social factors on risk of unplanned hospital admission^a

Adjusted hazard ratio^b (95% confidence interval)		Infant	Preschool	Primary school
Adjusted hazard ratio^b (95% confidence interval)		(age < 1 year)	(age 1–4 years)	(age 5–9 years)
Incomplete vaccinations^c		1.20 (1.16–1.25)	1.89 (1.79–2.00)	1.27 (1.07–1.51)
No development check^d		4.63 (4.55–4.71)	1.19 (1.16–1.22)	1.09 (1.03–1.14)
Illness consultation rate^e		1.00 (1.00–1.00)	1.17 (1.17–1.17)	1.23 (1.23–1.24)
Prematurity		1.21 (1.18–1.25)	1.26 (1.22–1.30)	1.12 (1.04–1.21)
Congenital conditions		2.40 (2.36–2.45)	1.17 (1.15–1.20)	1.15 (1.10–1.21)
Deprivation^f	5 vs. 1	1.22 (1.20–1.25)	1.38 (1.34–1.41)	1.44 (1.37–1.51)
Maternal age	< 20 vs. 20–39 years	1.33 (1.28–1.38)	1.35 (1.30–1.40)	1.28 (1.18–1.39)
Maternal age	40+ vs. 20–39 years	0.86 (0.83–0.90)	0.93 (0.89–0.97)	0.96 (0.88–1.05)
Being the firstborn child		0.88 (0.86–0.90)	0.97 (0.95–0.99)	No association
Sex		0.83 (0.81–0.84)	0.87 (0.86–0.89)	0.80 (0.77–0.83)

^aCohort of children born between 01/01/2000 and 31/03/2013 registered with 363 practices partnered with the Clinical Practice Research Datalink practices linked to Hospital Episode Statistics in England and followed up until 31/12/2013
^bHazard ratios have been adjusted for listed covariates. Covariates were added sequentially to the models, p values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant
^cIn modelling admissions in infants, incomplete vaccination is a time-updated variable. In children aged 1 and over, incomplete vaccination is less than three infant vaccinations
^dDid not complete infant development checks within primary care
^eAn illness consultation is a face-to-face consultation with a GP which is not for preventive care
^fIndex of multiple deprivation fifths (5 the most deprived, 1 least deprived)

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