From: Racial differences in comorbidity profile among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
U.S. NHANES | Korea NHANES | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Hispanic White (n = 944) | Non-Hispanic Black (n = 324) | Hispanicb (n = 227) | Korean (n = 3808) | |
Asthma | Reference | 1.23 (0.92 to 1.65) | 1.05 (0.72 to 1.53) | 0.56 (0.43 to 0.72) |
Cardiovascular disease | ||||
Hypertension | Reference | 1.36 (1.23 to 1.51) | 1.03 (0.89 to 1.20) | 0.88 (0.81 to 0.95) |
Dyslipidemia | Reference | 0.83 (0.72 to 0.96) | 0.86 (0.73 to 1.00) | 0.68 (0.63 to 0.73) |
Stroke | Reference | 2.01 (1.16 to 3.47) | 0.47 (0.14 to 1.61) | 0.69 (0.45 to 1.06) |
Myocardial infarction | Reference | 0.66 (0.39 to 1.12) | 0.86 (0.49 to 1.53) | 0.21 (0.14 to 0.33) |
Diabetes mellitus | Reference | 1.76 (1.34 to 2.31) | 1.64 (1.18 to 2.29) | 1.11 (0.90 to 1.38) |
Anemia | Reference | 3.82 (2.42 to 6.04) | 2.18 (1.23 to 3.86) | 1.31 (0.90 to 1.91) |
Musculoskeletal disease | ||||
Osteoarthritis | Reference | 0.95 (0.82 to 1.10) | 0.81 (0.65 to 1.01) | 0.35 (0.30 to 0.40) |
Rheumatoid arthritis | Reference | 1.83 (1.16 to 2.89) | 1.40 (0.85 to 2.31) | 0.31 (0.20 to 0.50) |
Osteoporosis | Reference | 0.68 (0.45 to 1.03) | 0.74 (0.46 to 1.20) | 0.22 (0.16 to 0.32) |