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Table 11 Associations between abnormal anthropometric measurements and mortality across levels of frailty

From: Frailty, nutrition-related parameters, and mortality across the adult age spectrum

Anthropometric measurements

Frailty index score

≤ 0.1

p value

> 0.1 to 0.2

p value

> 0.2 to 0.3

p value

> 0.3

p value

HR (95%CI)

HR (95%CI)

HR (95%CI)

HR (95%CI)

Body mass index

Underweight

0.69 (0.09, 5.21)

0.723

0.88 (0.22, 3.61)

0.861

4.41 (2.23, 8.74)

< 0.001*

3.80 (1.60, 9.03)

0.002*

Overweight

0.97 (0.61, 1.57)

0.915

0.88 (0.64, 1.21)

0.421

0.90 (0.65, 1.23)

0.499

0.72 (0.54, 0.98)

0.036*

Obese

0.91 (0.52, 1.60)

0.742

0.82 (0.56, 1.19)

0.293

0.77 (0.54, 1.11)

0.161

0.89 (0.66, 1.19)

0.424

Body weight change in past 1 year

Loss > 10%

0.91 (0.41, 2.01)

0.812

1.66 (1.10, 2.50)

0.016*

1.95 (1.36, 2.79)

< 0.001*

1.61 (1.21, 2.13)

0.001*

Gain > 10%

1.41 (0.66, 3.00)

0.380

1.66 (0.97, 2.85)

0.063

1.56 (0.98, 2.47)

0.061

1.35 (0.91, 2.01)

0.139

Waist circumference

High

1.50 (0.88, 2.56)

0.135

0.80 (0.57, 1.11)

0.185

0.77 (0.55, 1.09)

0.146

0.70 (0.50, 0.98)

0.037*

Triceps skinfold

Low

1.07 (0.53, 2.18)

0.842

1.83 (1.22, 2.74)

0.003*

2.73 (1.90, 3.94)

< 0.001*

1.36 (0.93, 2.00)

0.113

High

1.16 (0.50, 2.71)

0.731

1.41 (0.85, 2.35)

0.184

0.74 (0.44, 1.25)

0.259

0.98 (0.64, 1.51)

0.924

Subscapular skinfold

Low

1.10 (0.50, 2.45)

0.807

1.89 (1.29, 2.77)

0.001*

1.49 (0.98, 2.26)

0.060

1.46 (0.99, 2.15)

0.058

High

1.02 (0.41, 2.54)

0.970

0.78 (0.39, 1.54)

0.470

0.36 (0.13, 0.98)

0.046*

0.83 (0.41, 1.66)

0.589

  1. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race, energy intake, educational level, marital status, employment status, smoking, and study cohort, *p value < 0.05