Table 5 Normal range of parameter
From: Frailty, nutrition-related parameters, and mortality across the adult age spectrum
Parameter | Normal range | Score in nutritional index | |
|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | ||
Nutrient intakes | |||
 Energy (kcal/day) | M ≥ 2400, F ≥ 1800 | Normal range | M < 2400, F < 1800 |
 Energy per weight (kcal/kg/day) | 25-35 | ≥ 25 | < 25 |
 Protein (g/day) | M ≥ 56, F ≥ 46 | Normal range | M < 56, F < 46 |
 Protein per weight (g/kg/day) | < 65 years, ≥ 0.8 ≥ 65 years, ≥ 1 | Normal range | < 65 years, < 0.8 ≥ 65 years, < 1.0 |
 Carbohydrate (g/day) | ≥ 180 | Normal range | < 180 |
 Simple sugar (mg/day) | M < 36, F < 25 | -- | -- |
 Dietary fiber (g/1,000 kcal/day) | > 14 | -- | -- |
 Percentage of fat (%) | 20-35 | -- | -- |
 Percentage of saturated fat (%) | < 10 | Normal range | ≥ 10 |
 Cholesterol (mg/day) | < 300 | -- | -- |
 Vitamin A, RAE (mcg/day) | M 900-3000 F 700-3000 | Normal range | M < 900 or > 3000 F < 700 or > 3000 |
 Vitamin C (mg/day) | M 90-2000, F 75-2000 | Normal range | M < 90 or > 2000 F < 75 or > 2000 |
 Vitamin E (mg/day) | 15-1000 | -- | -- |
 Vitamin K (mcg/day) | M ≥ 120, F ≥ 90 | -- | -- |
 Thiamin (mg/day) | M ≥ 1.2, F ≥ 1.1 | Normal range | M < 1.2, F < 1.1 |
 Riboflavin (mg/day) | M ≥ 1.3, F ≥ 1.1 | Normal range | M < 1.3, F < 1.1 |
 Niacin (mg/day) | M 16-35, F 14-35 | Normal range | M < 16 or > 35 F < 14 or > 35 |
 Pyridoxine (mg/day) | ≤ 50 years, 1.3-100 > 50 years, M 1.7-100 > 50 years, F 1.5-100 | Normal range | ≤ 50 years, < 1.3 or > 100 > 50 years, M < 1.7 or > 100 > 50 years, F < 1.5 or > 100 |
 Folate (mcg/day) | 400-1000 | Normal range | < 400 or > 1000 |
 Cobalamin (mcg/day) | ≥ 2.4 | -- | -- |
 Calcium (mg/day) | M ≤ 70 years, 1000-2500 M >70 years, 1200-2500 F ≤50 years, 1000-2500 F >50 years, 1200-2500 | -- | -- |
 Phosphorous (mg/day) | 700-4000 | Normal range | < 700 or > 4000 |
 Magnesium (mg/day) | M ≥ 420, F ≥ 320 | -- | -- |
 Iron (mg/day) | M 8-45 F ≤ 50 years, 18-45 F > 50 years, 8-45 | -- | -- |
 Zinc (mg/day) | M 11-40, F 8-40 | -- | -- |
 Copper (mg/day) | 0.9-10 | Normal range | < 0.9 or > 10 |
 Sodium (mg/day) | ≤ 50 years, 1500-2300 > 50-70 years, 1300-2300 > 70 years, 1200-2300 | ≤ 50 years, ≥1,500 > 50-70 years, ≥ 1300 > 70 years, ≥1200 | ≤ 50 years, < 1500 > 50-70 years, < 1300 > 70 years, < 1200 |
 Potassium (mg/day) | ≥ 4700 | -- | -- |
 Selenium (mcg/day) | 55-400 | Normal range | < 55 or > 400 |
 Caffeine (mg/day) | ≤ 400 | -- | -- |
 Alcohol (g/day) | M ≤ 28, F ≤ 14 | -- | -- |
 Linoleic acid (g/day) | ≤ 50 years, M ≥ 17, F ≥ 12 > 50 years, M ≥ 14, F ≥ 11 | -- | -- |
 α-Linolenic acid (g/day) | M ≥ 1.6, F ≥ 1.1 | -- | -- |
 Fish oil (g/day)* | ≥ 0.25 | Normal range | < 0.25 |
Anthropometric measurements | |||
 Body mass index (kg/m2) | 18.5-24.9** | 18.5-29.9 | < 18.5 or ≥ 30.0 |
 Body weight change in past 1 year (%) | ≤ 10 | Normal range | > 10 |
 Waist circumference (cm) | M < 94, F < 80 | Normal range | M ≥ 94, F ≥ 80 |
 Triceps skinfold (mm) | M 7.5-24.3, F 14.0-33.7 | Normal range | M < 7.5 or > 24.3 F < 14.0 or > 33.7 |
 Subscapular skinfold (mm) | M 10.3-30.5, F 10.3-33.9 | -- | -- |
Blood tests | |||
 Total lymphocyte count (cells/mm3) | > 1500 | Normal range | ≤ 1500 |
 Haemoglobin (g/dL) | M 13.5-18.0, F 12.0-16.0 | Normal range | M < 13.5 or > 18.0 F < 12.0 or > 16.0 |
 MCV (fL) | 80-100 | Normal range | < 80 or > 100 |
 Albumin (g/L) | 35-55 | Normal range | < 35 or > 55 |
 Vitamin A (mcmol/L) | 0.35-3.00 | Normal range | < 0.35 or > 3.00 |
 Vitamin C (mg/dL) | 0.2-2.0 | Normal range | < 0.2 or > 2.0 |
 Vitamin D (ng/mL) | 20-50 | Normal range | < 20 or > 50 |
 Pyridoxine (nmol/L) | > 20 | Normal range | ≤ 20 |
 Folate, RBC (ng/mL) | ≥ 140 | -- | -- |
 Cobalamin (pg/L) | > 200 | -- | -- |
 α-carotene (mcg/dL) | 1.3-9.2 | ≥ 1.3 | < 1.3 |
 β-carotene (mcg/dL) | 6.4-35.1 | ≥ 6.4 | < 6.4 |
 β-cryptoxanthin (mcg/dL) | 4.0-16.4 | ≥ 4.0 | < 4.0 |
 Lutein/Zeaxanthin (mcg/dL) | 11.1-33.0 | ≥ 11.1 | < 11.1 |
 Lycopene (mcg/dL) | 11.9-36.1 | ≥ 11.9 | < 11.9 |
 Iron, serum (mcg/dL) | 50-180 | Normal range | < 50 or > 180 |
 Creatinine (mg/dL) | M 0.80–1.40, F 0.56–1.00 | Normal range | M < 0.80 or > 1.40 F < 0.56 or > 1.00 |
 Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | < 200 | -- | -- |
 Triglyceride (mg/dL) | < 150 | Normal range | ≥ 150 |
 HDL-c (mg/dL) | M > 40, F > 50 | Normal range | M ≤ 40, F ≤ 50 |
 LDL-c (mg/dL) | < 130 | -- | -- |
 Glucose (mg/dL) | 70-100 | Normal range | < 70 or > 100 |
 Homocysteine (mcmol/L) | ≤ 21.6 | Normal range | > 21.6 |