Table 7 Association between abnormal nutrient intakes and frailty
From: Frailty, nutrition-related parameters, and mortality across the adult age spectrum
Nutrients | Linear regression analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|
β-coefficient (95%CI) | p value | ||
Energy | Low | 0.007 (0.003, 0.011) | 0.001* |
Energy per weight | Low | 0.018 (0.014, 0.021) | < 0.001* |
High | − 0.013 (− 0.018,− 0.009) | < 0.001* | |
Protein | Low | 0.009 (0.004, 0.014) | 0.001* |
Protein per weight | Low | 0.016 (0.011, 0.020) | < 0.001* |
Carbohydrate | Low | 0.007 (0.002, 0.012) | 0.004* |
Simple sugar | High | − 0.004 (− 0.012, 0.003) | 0.267 |
Dietary fiber per energy | Low | 0.005 (− 0.002, 0.012) | 0.170 |
Percentage of fat | Low | 0.003 (− 0.008, 0.014) | 0.597 |
High | − 0.001 (− 0.007, 0.005) | 0.737 | |
Percentage of saturated fat | High | 0.005 (0.001, 0.008) | 0.018* |
Cholesterol | High | 0.003 (− 0.002, 0.007) | 0.213 |
Vitamin A, RAE | Low | 0.005 (0.001, 0.010) | 0.027* |
High | − 0.018 (− 0.043, 0.006) | 0.148 | |
Vitamin C | Low | 0.004 (0.001, 0.008) | 0.027* |
High | – |  | |
Vitamin E | Low | − 0.004 (− 0.013, 0.004) | 0.297 |
Vitamin K | Low | 0.002 (− 0.002, 0.007) | 0.328 |
Thiamin | Low | 0.005 (0.001, 0.010) | 0.027* |
Riboflavin | Low | 0.008 (0.002, 0.013) | 0.006* |
Niacin | Low | 0.010 (0.005, 0.015) | < 0.001* |
High | 0.000 (− 0.006, 0.006) | 0.956 | |
Pyridoxine | Low | 0.007 (0.002, 0.011) | 0.003* |
Folate | Low | 0.005 (0.001, 0.010) | 0.023* |
High | 0.006 (− 0.006, 0.019) | 0.339 | |
Cobalamin | Low | 0.002 (− 0.002, 0.007) | 0.354 |
Calcium | Low | − 0.003 (− 0.008, 0.002) | 0.189 |
High | 0.011 (− 0.003, 0.025) | 0.134 | |
Phosphorous | Low | 0.011 (0.005, 0.017) | < 0.001* |
High | 0.019 (− 0.010, 0.048) | 0.201 | |
Magnesium | Low | 0.004 (− 0.002, 0.009) | 0.187 |
Iron | Low | 0.001 (− 0.004, 0.006) | 0.826 |
High | 0.012 (− 0.006, 0.030) | 0.183 | |
Zinc | Low | 0.002 (− 0.003, 0.006) | 0.499 |
High | 0.010 (− 0.010, 0.030) | 0.323 | |
Copper | Low | 0.009 (0.004, 0.014) | < 0.001* |
High | − 0.014 (− 0.061, 0.032) | 0.547 | |
Sodium | Low | 0.008 (0.001, 0.015) | 0.022* |
High | − 0.008 (− 0.012, − 0.003) | 0.002* | |
Potassium | Low | 0.000 (− 0.008, 0.009) | 0.971 |
Selenium | Low | 0.010 (0.004, 0.015) | 0.001* |
High | 0.004 (− 0.032, 0.041) | 0.809 | |
Caffeine | High | 0.000 (− 0.007, 0.006) | 0.911 |
Alcohol | High | − 0.009 (− 0.015, − 0.004) | 0.001* |
Linoleic acid | Low | 0.004 (0.000, 0.009) | 0.060 |
α-Linolenic acid | Low | 0.004 (− 0.001, 0.008) | 0.107 |
Fish oil | Low | 0.007 (0.001, 0.013) | 0.025* |