Skip to main content

Table 1 Significance (P values) of associations between fetal age, sex, smoke exposure, high maternal BMI, and their interactions (two-way and three-way analyses), in circulating plasma hormones (T3, T4, TSH) and plasma thyroid hormone-binding proteins (ALB, TTR, TBG)

From: Maternal smoking and high BMI disrupt thyroid gland development

Interactions:

3-way

2-way

1-way

Smoke effect

Age-sex-SE

Dataset splits

Age-sex

Age-SE

Sex-SE

Age

Sex

SE

 T3 (nM)

0.38

 

0.55

0.56

0.85

0.002 ()

0.027

(+ 1.4 fold ♂)

0.67

 T4 (nM)

0.098

 

0.65

0.030

0.89

N/A

N/A

Interaction

Exposure split

 C

0.19

N/A

N/A

0.002 ()

0.84

N/A

 SE

0.38

N/A

N/A

< 0.00001 ()

0.96

N/A

 T3/T4 ratio

0.65

 

0.16

0.86

0.79

0.0004 ()

0.027

(+ 1.4 fold ♂)

0.72

 `TSH

(μIU/ml)

0.003

Sex split

N/A

0.23

N/A

0.28

N/A

0.47

N/A

0.003

N/A

0.092 (↓C)

N/A

Interaction

Exposure split

 C

0.12

N/A

N/A

0.24

0.14

N/A

 SE

0.008

N/A

N/A

0.017 (↑♀)

Interaction

N/A

 ALB

0.63

 

0.16

0.58

0.1

< 0.00001 ()

0.35

0.420

 TTR

0.20

 

0.11

0.81

0.41

0.17

0.17

0.63

 TBG

0.11

 

0.34

0.14

0.58

0.0022 ()

0.89

0.13

BMI effect

Age-Sex-BMI

 

Age-sex

Age-BMI

Sex-BMI

Age

Sex

BMI

 T3 (nM)

0.21

 

0.86

0.87

0.49

0.002 ()

0.021

(+ 1.4 fold ♂)

0.53

 T4 (nM)

0.87

 

0.71

0.85

0.76

< 0.0001 ()

0.74

0.49

 T3/T4 ratio

0.28

 

0.89

0.99

0.36

0.0003 ()

0.013

(+ 1.4 fold ♂)

0.24

 TSH

(μIU/ml)

0.068

 

0.16

0.62

0.005

N/A

Interaction

Interaction

Sex split

 ♂

N/A

0.14

N/A

0.25

N/A

0.27

N/A

0.26

N/A

0.23

N/A

0.0071

(+ 1.6 fold)

 ALB

0.74

 

0.15

0.48

0.72

< 0.00001 ()

0.39

0.49

 TTR

0.24

 

0.11

0.48

0.10

0.16

0.15

0.23

 TBG

0.95

 

0.25

0.36

0.34

0.0022 ()

0.88

0.13

  1. Data were log-transformed where model residuals departed from normality and/or showed heteroscedasticity. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) are shown in italics. C controls, SE smoke-exposed, N/A not applicable