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Table 1 Weight at the three assessment times for fresh ART, frozen ART (FET) and naturally conceived (NC) singleton babies

From: The growth of assisted reproductive treatment-conceived children from birth to 5 years: a national cohort study

 

Adjusted BW (GROW)

N = 26,010

Weight at 6/8 weeks

N = 19,028

Weight at school entry

N = 11,573

Effect size (95% CI) (g)

P

Effect size (95% CI) (g)

P

Effect size (95% CI) (g)

P

Type of conception

 Naturally Conceived

Reference

< 0.001

Reference

< 0.001

Reference

0.340

 ART - Fresh Cycle

-93.7 (-110.6, -76.6)

-171 (-200, -143)

-58 (-231, 115)

 ART - Frozen Cycle

57.5 (30.7, 86.5)

1 (-47, 49)

200 (-135, 560)

Scottish Deprivation Index Quintile

 1 (most deprived)

-44.6 (-64.2, -25.7)

< 0.001

-48 (-80, -17)

0.052

38 (-168, 240)

0.131

 2

-25.1 (-44.1, -6.4)

-25 (-57, 4)

229 (42, 430)

 3

-6.8 (-24.3, 10.3)

-32 (-61, 0)

104 (-74, 294)

 4

3.8 (-13.8, 22.0)

-15 (-48, 13)

29 (-150, 201)

 5 (least deprived)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Smoked during pregnancy

-211.1 (-227.6, -195.2)

< 0.001

-190 (-216, -163)

< 0.001

-40 (-194, 136)

0.638

Maternal age (linear)

41.3 (30.1, 52.2)

< 0.001

-7 (-25, 12)

< 0.001

118 (3, 240)

0.011

Maternal age (quadratic)

-20.8 (-35.6, -8.1)

-52 (-75, -29)

-121 (-266, 17)

Type of feeding

 Breast only

  

Reference

< 0.001

Reference

0.125

 Bottle only

  

77 (54, 98)

99 (-31, 229)

 Breast and bottle

  

-9 (-52, 30)

229 (-25, 501

  1. Results from multiple linear regression models for weight at the three time points, adjusting for type of conception, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, maternal age and smoking status during pregnancy, feed type at 10 days and the ART-NC matching variables: gender, year and month of delivery and delivery hospital. Full model details are available in Additional file 1: Table S4
  2. Quoted effect sizes represent the difference from the indicated reference category. The effect size for maternal smoking represents the difference between mothers who smoked and those who did not smoke during pregnancy
  3. P values are calculated from an omnibus chi-squared test that parameter estimates are simultaneously zero
  4. Note that for ease of interpretation, the effect sizes for the linear and quadratic components of maternal age represent the change in outcome for a 10-year change in maternal age