Insulin translates unfavourable lifestyle into obesity

Table 1 Association of obesity risk factors with low-grade systemic inflammation and hyperinsulinaemia

Lifestyle factor	Inflammation	Hyperinsulinaemia/ insulin resistance	References
Calorie-rich diets	Yes ^a	Yes ^a	[4, 5, 114]
Sedentary time	Yes ^a	Yes ^a	[7, 8, 115]
Road traffic	Yes ^a	Yes ^a	[9, 116, 117]
Sleep deprivation	Yes ^a	Yes ^a	[10,11,12]
Smoking	Yes	Yes	[14, 15]
Depression, stress	Yes	Yes	[13, 16]
Low socioeconomic status	Yes	Yes	[17, 18]

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