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Table 3 Maternal outcomes in lifestyle intervention and control groups

From: Effects of a lifestyle intervention during pregnancy to prevent excessive gestational weight gain in routine care – the cluster-randomised GeliS trial

 

Intervention

Control

Unadjusted effect size (95% CI)

p value

Adjusted effect sizea (95% CI)

Adjusted p valuea

Pregnancy complications

Gestational diabetes mellitus

109/1008 (10.8%)

106/954 (11.1%)

0.74 (0.37 to 1.47)

0.383

0.84 (0.41 to 1.71)

0.622

 Dietary treatment

24/1008 (2.4%)

33/954 (3.5%)

    

 Insulin treatment

19/1008 (1.8%)

17/954 (1.8%)

    

Treated GDM

35/1008 (3.5%)

47/954 (4.9%)

0.68 (0.33 to 1.39)

0.285

0.76 (0.43 to 1.37)

0.364

HbA1c, mmol/mol

32.2 ± 3.7

32.1 ± 3.5

0.15 (– 0.45 to 0.74)

0.633

0.24 (– 0.40 to 0.87)

0.468

HbA1c, %

5.1 ± 0.3

5.1 ± 0.3

0.01 (– 0.00 to 0.03)

0.126

0.02 (– 0.01 to 0.05)

0.119

Hypertensionb

99/1041 (9.5%)

66/1039 (6.4%)

1.56 (0.98 to 2.49)

0.060

1.64 (1.09 to 2.45)

0.017

Preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome

14/1006 (1.4%)

13/965 (1.3%)

c

 

c

 

Bleeding

31/956 (3.2%)

39/893 (4.4%)

0.69 (0.35 to 1.34)

0.270

0.65 (0.32 to 1.29)

0.216

Preterm labour

15/956 (1.6%)

26/893 (2.9%)

0.54 (0.35 to 0.84)

0.006

0.51 (0.33 to 0.79)

0.003

Obstetric outcomes

Birth mode

 Spontaneous birth

615/1016 (60.5%)

628/1003 (62.6%)

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Elective caesarean section

157/1016 (15.5%)

117/1003 (11.6%)

1.37 (1.05 to 1.78)

0.019

1.41 (1.08 to 1.85)

0.017

 Emergency caesarean section

150/1016 (14.8%)

159/1003 (15.9%)

0.96 (0.75 to 1.24)

0.769

0.86 (0.67 to 1.12)

0.257

 Instrumental vaginal delivery

94/1016 (9.3%)

99/1003 (9.9%)

0.97 (0.72 to 1.31)

0.842

0.83 (0.61 to 1.14)

0.245

Induction of labour

174/1007 (17.3%)

233/992 (23.5%)

0.71 (0.48 to 1.06)

0.098

0.65 (0.43 to 0.98)

0.038

Anaesthesia

769/1001 (76.8%)

787/983 (80.1%)

1.05 (0.55 to 2.00)

0.871

1.23 (0.69 to 2.19)

0.472

Weight retention, kg (6–8 weeks postpartum)

4.0 ± 4.8d (n = 976)

4.3 ± 4.8 (n = 934)

– 0.13 (– 0.95 to 0.69)

0.760

– 0.19 (– 1.01 to 0.63)

0.649

  1. aAdjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI, age and parity
  2. bSystolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg at at least two time points
  3. cNo statistic testing due to small number of cases
  4. dMean ± SD (all such values)
  5. GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin