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Table 2 Study and intervention characteristics

From: Implementation science and stigma reduction interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Level

Description

Reference

Study

 

 Year of publication

—

—

 Implementation frameworks used

e.g., RE-AIM [29] or Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research [28]

Nilsen [30]

 Study design

Qualitative, cross-sectional, cohort, non-randomized pre/post with and without controls, individual and cluster randomized trials, economic evaluations, or other

—

 Study type

Effectiveness, type 1 hybrid, type 2 hybrid, type 3 hybrid, implementation, or scale-up

Curran et al. [31]

 Study population

Community, patient, provider, and/or policy-makers

—

 Implementation outcomes reported

Acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, feasibility, fidelity, cost, penetration, and/or sustainability

Proctor et al. [24]

 Non-implementation outcomes reported

Outcomes related to stigma, service delivery, and patient health

—

 Key findings

—

—

 Reporting of implementation outcomes

—

 Included in study objectives?

Whether the implementation outcome(s) were included in the study’s prespecified objectives

 

 Hypothesis or conceptual model stated?

Whether the implementation outcomes were motivated by a hypothesis or conceptual model

 

 Methods for outcomes specified?

Whether the methods for measuring the implementation outcomes were included

 

 Used validated measure(s)?

Whether the measures used were from or based on a validated measure

 

 Sample size specified?

Whether the implementation outcomes included the sample size of the population assessed

 

Intervention

 

 Intervention description

—

—

 WHO Region

Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia and Pacific, South Asia, Middle East and North Africa, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean

—

 Stigmatizing health condition

—

—

 Type of stigma reduction intervention

Information/education, skill development, counseling or support, contact events, structural, biomedical

Stangl et al. [3]

 Stigma domain targeted

Driver, facilitator, and/or manifestation

Stangl et al. [3]

 Type of stigma targeted

Community, experienced, internalized, anticipated, and/or unclear

Turan et al. [40]

Intervention specification using the TIDieR Checklist

Hoffman et al. [41]

 Why

Intervention motivated with a rationale, theory, or goal

 

 What

Description or link of the intervention’s physical or informational materials

 

 Who provided

Expertise, background, and any specific training of the person implementing the intervention

 

 How

Mode of delivery (e.g., face-to-face)

 

 Where

Type of location of the intervention

 

 When and how much

Timing, duration, dose, and intensity of the intervention

 

 Tailoring

Intervention is personalized to participants or groups of participants

 

 Modifications

Whether the intervention was modified during the course of the study

 

 How well was fidelity assessed

Methods for assessing fidelity

 

 Quality of fidelity

If fidelity was assessed, the rating of the fidelity

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