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Table 3 Factors associated with the probability of belonging to a molecular transmission cluster: results from a multivariable logistic regression model

From: HIV-1 molecular transmission clusters in nine European countries and Canada: association with demographic and clinical factors

Covariate

Odds ratio

95% CI

P-value

Sex

 Male a

1

  

 Female

0.66

(0.56–0.78)

< 0.001

 Unknown

0.44

(0.04–5.10)

0.514

Subtype

 B a

1

  

 CRF02_AG

0.70

(0.53–0.94)

0.016

 C

0.51

(0.38–0.69)

< 0.001

 A

0.65

(0.48–0.89)

0.007

 CRF01_AE

0.36

(0.24–0.54)

< 0.001

 Other (D,F,G)

1.04

(0.76–1.42)

0.814

Country

 Germany a

1

  

 Canada

0.91

(0.66–1.26)

0.584

 Spain

0.7

(0.59–0.83)

< 0.001

 Norway

0.68

(0.49–0.94)

0.021

 Austria

0.68

(0.50–0.92)

0.014

 UK

0.5

(0.36–0.69)

< 0.001

 Italy

0.39

(0.29–0.53)

< 0.001

 France

0.23

(0.06–0.86)

0.028

 Netherlands

0.2

(0.09–0.45)

< 0.001

 Greece

0.17

(0.07–0.41)

< 0.001

Age at sample date

 Per 10-year increase

0.79

(0.75–0.84)

< 0.001

Sampling date

 1987–2002 a

1

  

 2003–2006

2.01

(1.67–2.43)

< 0.001

 2007–2008

2.38

(1.95–2.91)

< 0.001

 2009–2011

2.61

(2.12–3.19)

< 0.001

Seroconverter

 No a

1

  

 Yes

1.44

(1.23–1.69)

< 0.001

Risk group

 MSM a

1

  

 PWID

0.62

(0.52–0.74)

< 0.001

 MSW

0.69

(0.59–0.80)

< 0.001

 Haemophiliacs

0.27

(0.06–1.27)

0.097

 Other – unknown

0.55

(0.42–0.72)

< 0.001

Ethnicity

 White a

1

  

 Black

0.44

(0.32–0.62)

< 0.001

 Other

0.70

(0.55–0.88)

0.002

 Unknown

0.91

(0.72–1.17)

0.467

ART-naïve at sampling

 No a

1

  

 Yes

1.19

(1.04–1.35)

0.010

  1. Abbreviations: MSM men who have sex with men, PWID people who inject drugs, MSW men who have sex with men and women
  2. a Reference category