|
Covariate
|
Odds ratio
|
95% CI
|
P-value
|
|---|
|
Sex
|
|
Male a
|
1
| | |
|
Female
|
0.66
|
(0.56–0.78)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Unknown
|
0.44
|
(0.04–5.10)
|
0.514
|
|
Subtype
|
|
B a
|
1
| | |
|
CRF02_AG
|
0.70
|
(0.53–0.94)
|
0.016
|
|
C
|
0.51
|
(0.38–0.69)
|
< 0.001
|
|
A
|
0.65
|
(0.48–0.89)
|
0.007
|
|
CRF01_AE
|
0.36
|
(0.24–0.54)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Other (D,F,G)
|
1.04
|
(0.76–1.42)
|
0.814
|
|
Country
|
|
Germany a
|
1
| | |
|
Canada
|
0.91
|
(0.66–1.26)
|
0.584
|
|
Spain
|
0.7
|
(0.59–0.83)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Norway
|
0.68
|
(0.49–0.94)
|
0.021
|
|
Austria
|
0.68
|
(0.50–0.92)
|
0.014
|
|
UK
|
0.5
|
(0.36–0.69)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Italy
|
0.39
|
(0.29–0.53)
|
< 0.001
|
|
France
|
0.23
|
(0.06–0.86)
|
0.028
|
|
Netherlands
|
0.2
|
(0.09–0.45)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Greece
|
0.17
|
(0.07–0.41)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Age at sample date
|
|
Per 10-year increase
|
0.79
|
(0.75–0.84)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Sampling date
|
|
1987–2002 a
|
1
| | |
|
2003–2006
|
2.01
|
(1.67–2.43)
|
< 0.001
|
|
2007–2008
|
2.38
|
(1.95–2.91)
|
< 0.001
|
|
2009–2011
|
2.61
|
(2.12–3.19)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Seroconverter
|
|
No a
|
1
| | |
|
Yes
|
1.44
|
(1.23–1.69)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Risk group
|
|
MSM a
|
1
| | |
|
PWID
|
0.62
|
(0.52–0.74)
|
< 0.001
|
|
MSW
|
0.69
|
(0.59–0.80)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Haemophiliacs
|
0.27
|
(0.06–1.27)
|
0.097
|
|
Other – unknown
|
0.55
|
(0.42–0.72)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Ethnicity
|
|
White a
|
1
| | |
|
Black
|
0.44
|
(0.32–0.62)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Other
|
0.70
|
(0.55–0.88)
|
0.002
|
|
Unknown
|
0.91
|
(0.72–1.17)
|
0.467
|
|
ART-naïve at sampling
|
|
No a
|
1
| | |
|
Yes
|
1.19
|
(1.04–1.35)
|
0.010
|
- Abbreviations: MSM men who have sex with men, PWID people who inject drugs, MSW men who have sex with men and women
- a Reference category
