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Table 2 Univariable and multivariable analyses of factors associated with inpatient death amongst children admitted with diarrhea

From: Mortality after inpatient treatment for diarrhea in children: a cohort study

 

Deaths (N = 121)a

Univariable analysis

Multivariable analysis

Crude RR

95% CI

P value

Adjusted RR

95% CI

P value

Demographics

 Age (months)

–

1.00

0.98–1.01

0.98

   

 Sex (female)

61 (50)

1.39

0.98–1.97

0.06

   

 Prior hospital admission

23 (19)

1.54

0.99–2.39

0.05

   

Clinical features

 Persistent diarrhea

6 (5.0)

2.53

1.17–5.49

0.02

   

 Bloody diarrhea

3 (2.5)

1.15

0.38–3.50

0.81

   

 Dehydration status

  No dehydration

22 (18)

1.0

Reference

    

  Some dehydration

33 (27)

2.38

1.40–4.04

0.001

   

  Severe dehydration

66 (55)

3.62

2.26–5.82

< 0.001

   

 Tachypneab

62 (51)

2.58

1.82–3.66

< 0.001

1.98

1.34–2.93

0.001

 Tachycardiac

43 (36)

0.86

0.60–1.24

0.42

   

 Lower chest wall indrawing

46 (38)

3.37

2.37–4.79

< 0.001

   

 Hypoxia (SaO2 < 90%)

25 (21)

8.86

6.09–12.89

< 0.001

   

 Capillary refill > 2 s

48 (40)

10.70

7.73–14.82

< 0.001

2.31

1.35–3.95

0.002

 Temperature gradient

56 (46)

7.71

5.52–10.76

< 0.001

   

 Weak pulse

47 (39)

10.41

7.51–14.43

< 0.001

   

 Impaired consciousnessd

53 (44)

10.72

7.74–14.84

< 0.001

3.29

195–5.54

< 0.001

Systematic laboratory test features

 HIV antibody positive

24 (20)

5.59

3. 65–8.58

< 0.001

2.40

1.44–3.99

0.001

 Bacteremia

24 (20)

7.14

4.82–10.57

< 0.001

2.05

1.18–3.57

0.01

 Malaria slide positive

2 (1.7)

0.43

0. 11–1.71

0.23

   

 Severe anemia (Hb < 5 g/dL)

16 (13)

3.98

2.43–6.50

< 0.001

   

 Leucopeniae (WBC < 4 × 109/L)

8 (6.6)

13.93

6.98–27.78

< 0.001

   

 Leucocytosis (WBC > 12 × 109/L)

77 (64)

2.53

1. 62–3.95

< 0.001

2.24

1.41–3.58

0.001

Nutritional status

 Kwashiorkor

19 (16)

3.99

2.54–6.29

< 0.001

   

 MUAC per centimeter

–

0.61

0.59–0.64

< 0.001

0.64

0.57–0.71

< 0.001

 Height-for-age z score

–

0.65

0.59–0.73

< 0.001

   

Model performance

 AUC (95% CI)

    

0.89 (086–0.93)

 AIC

    

1655.5

  1. Variables’ missing results in the multivariable model were dropped using the stepwise approach. AUC area under receiver operating characteristics, AIC Akaike information criterion. aNumber of deaths and proportion of deaths. bTachypnea was defined as respiration rate > 50 for children < 12 months and > 40 breaths/min for children ≥ 12 months. cTachycardia was defined as heart rate > 180 for children < 12 months and > 140 beats/min for children ≥ 12 months. dImpaired consciousness if “prostrate” or “unconscious.” eNormal white blood cells (WBC) were 4 to 12 × 109/L
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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