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Table 3 Effect of pregnancy and infancy nutritional supplementation on infant thymic index

From: Thymic size is increased by infancy, but not pregnancy, nutritional supplementation in rural Gambian children: a randomized clinical trial

 

Effect size (%)a

95% CI

P value

Week 1 only

 Unadjusted

  PE

− 5.03

− 9.75, − 0.05

0.05

  MMN

2.16

− 2.91, 7.52

0.41

 Model 1b

  PE

− 3.49

− 8.23,1.49

0.17

  MMN

1.68

− 3.28, 6.93

0.51

All time points to infant age < 6 months

 Unadjusted

  PE

− 2.07

− 5.14, 1.12

0.20

  MMN

1.71

− 1.49, 5.01

0.30

 Model 1

  PE

− 0.89

− 3.85, 2.16

0.56

  MMN

2.10

− 0.95, 5.24

0.18

Combined maternal and infant—week 52 only

 Unadjusted

  PE

− 2.19

− 6.84, 2.71

0.38

  MMN

2.13

− 2.72, 7.25

0.39

  Infant MMN

8.08

2.92, 13.48

0.002

 Model 1

  PE

− 1.97

− 6.64, 2.92

0.42

  MMN

2.31

− 2.56, 7.43

0.36

  Infant MMN

8.50

3.28, 13.97

0.001

 Model 2c

  PE

− 1.91

− 6.56, 2.97

0.44

  MMN

2.06

− 2.79, 7.14

0.41

  Infant MMN

7.99

2.81, 13.43

0.002

Infant supplement only

 Unadjusted

8.04

2.89, 13.44

0.002

 Model 1

8.80

3.20, 13.81

0.001

 Model 2

8.10

2.92, 13.55

0.002

  1. Abbreviations: PE protein energy, MMN multiple micronutrients
  2. aEffect size computed as 100 × [antilog(β) − 1] where β is the regression coefficient from regression models
  3. bModel 1 adjusted for infant size, infant age, infant sex, season of measurement and maternal size (BMI and height) and (as relevant) maternal and infant compliance to supplement
  4. cModel 2 (for data up to week 52 only) adjusted for the same variables as model 1, but also infant age at weaning (defined as the age of introduction of non-breast milk feeds) and infant morbidity (sum of morbidity episodes across the first year of life)