Fig. 1

Share of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) by disease grouped by the World Bank income group, poverty status, and pooled funding. Among households with a respondent that used health care in the last 30 days. LICs: low-income countries; LMICS: lower-middle-income countries; UMICs: upper-middle-income countries; according to 2002–2004 World Bank income classifications (a). Households considered poor according to a modified version of the multidimensional poverty index (b). Pooled funding: share of prepaid private and government spending as a share of total health expenditure, countries grouped by the interquartile range of: less than the 25th percentile (< 40% pooled), 25th–75th percentile (40–60% pooled), and more than the 75th percentile (> 60% pooled) (c). Survey weights used at the national level; population size used to weight across countries