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Table 5 Primary and secondary outcome measures at baseline and 12 weeks

From: The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of strength and balance Exergames to reduce falls risk for people aged 55 years and older in UK assisted living facilities: a multi-centre, cluster randomised controlled trial

 

Baseline (N = 106)

12 weeks (N = 91)

Adjusted difference*

95% CI

p

ICC

BBS (0–56) [SD]

  

6.18

2.38,9.97

0.003

0.08

 Control

40.6 [13.1])

37.6 [14.9]

    

 Exergames

42.0 [13.5])

44.6 [10.7]

    

ACE III (0–100) [SD]

  

− 0.83

− 4.10,2.45

0.60

< 0.001

 Control

73.5 [12.1]

80.2 [12.9

    

 Exergames

77.4 [15.6]

81.4 (14.2)

    

7-item FES-I (7–28) [SD]

  

− 2.69

− 4.52, − 0.85

0.007

0.12

 Control

11.6 [4.5]

12.8 [4.8]

    

 Exergames

11.0 [4.2]

9.8 [3.4]

    

VAS pain scale (0–100) [%]

  

− 12.07

− 22.31, − 1.83

0.024

< 0.001

 Control

24.3 [26.5]

34.4 [30.5]

    

 Exergames

23.9 (25.9)

21.9 [27.7]

    

VAS fatigue scale (%)

  

− 6.63

− 20.58, 7.32

0.33

0.10

 Control

32.4 [26.6]

39.2 [28.0]

    

 Exergames

37.5 [31.2]

34.6 [31.3]

    

FRAT (0–5) [SD]

  

− 0.15

− 0.55, 0.26

0.46

0.05

 Control

2.4 [1.3]

2.4 [1.4]

    

 Exergames

2.3 [1.1]

2.2 [1.2]

    

5-item GDS (0–5) [SD]

  

0.21

− 0.24, 0.65

0.34

0.04

 Control

1.4 [1.3]

0.98 [1.1]

    

 Exergames

1.2 [1.3]

1.0 [1.3]

    

TUG (s) [SD]

  

− 0.82

− 3.62 to 1.98

0.54

< 0.001

 Control

20.4 [14.3]

20.7 [13.3]

    

 Exergames

17.5 [9.0]

17.8 [10.4]

    

EQ5D5L-VAS (0–100) [SD]

  

3.86

− 6.46 to 14.17

0.44

0.05

 Control

71.2 [18.3]

67.2 [22.7]

    

 Exergames

71.2 [21.4]

70.6 [21.1]

    

PASE score (0–400) [SD]

  

− 0.97

− 19.54 to 17.60

0.91

0.10

 Control

66.8 [38.2]

72.3 [41.5]

    

 Exergames

75.1 [50.5]

77.5 [43.1]

    
  1. Unless otherwise stated, means (SD) are reported
  2. BBS Berg Balance Scale, SD standard deviation, ACE III Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination–III, 7-Item FES-I 7-Item Falls Efficacy Scale-International, VAS visual analogue scale, FRAT Falls Risk Assessment Tool, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, TUG Timed Up and Go, EQ5D5L-VAS European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions -Visual Analogue Scale, PASE Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly
  3. *Outcome (e.g. BBS) at 12 weeks adjusted for baseline value of outcome measure, region (Manchester/Glasgow) and site (random effect)