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Table 4 Logistic regression of factors associated with good pain relief at home

From: Specialist palliative care support is associated with improved pain relief at home during the last 3 months of life in patients with advanced disease: analysis of 5-year data from the national survey of bereaved people (VOICES)

 

Univariate model

Multivariable model

 

OR

95% CI

p value

OR

95% CI

p value

Specialist palliative care at home

 Nob

1

 

1

 Yes

3.26

3.21 to 3.31

< 0.001

2.67

2.62 to 2.72

< 0.001

Recorded preference for place of death

 Nob

1

  

1

  

 Yes

2.72

2.68 to 2.77

< 0.001

1.87

1.84 to 1.90

< 0.001

Urgent care provided out of hours

  

< 0.001a

  

< 0.001a

 Not at allb

1

 

1

 Once or twice

1.14

1.12 to 1.17

< 0.001

0.89

0.87 to 0.91

< 0.001

 Three times or more

1.19

1.17 to 1.21

< 0.001

1.05

1.03 to 1.07

< 0.001

Cause of death

 Non-cancerb

1

 

1

 Cancer

1.97

1.95 to 2.00

< 0.001

1.08

1.06 to 1.10

< 0.001

Decedent’s age

  

< 0.001a

  

< 0.001a

 18–74b

1

 

1

 75–84

0.86

0.84 to 0.87

< 0.001

1.22

1.19 to 1.24

< 0.001

 85+

0.78

0.77 to 0.80

< 0.001

1.46

1.43 to 1.50

< 0.001

Decedent’s gender

 Maleb

1

 

1

 Female

0.92

0.90 to 0.93

< 0.001

1.03

1.01 to 1.04

0.001

Deprivation (IMD)

  

< 0.001a

  

< 0.001a

 1 (most deprived)b

1

 

1

 2

1.18

1.15 to 1.20

< 0.001

0.98

0.96 to 1.01

0.16

 3

1.07

1.05 to 1.09

< 0.001

1.03

1.01 to 1.05

0.04

 4

1.14

1.12 to 1.17

< 0.001

1.04

1.01 to 1.06

0.003

 5 (least deprived)

1.17

1.14 to 1.19

< 0.001

1.01

0.98 to 1.03

0.54

Respondent’s relationship to decedents

  

< 0.001a

  

< 0.001a

 Son/daughterb

1

 

1

 Wife/husband/partner

1.68

1.66 to 1.71

< 0.001

1.50

1.47 to 1.53

< 0.001

 Other

1.05

1.03 to 1.07

< 0.001

1.13

1.10 to 1.16

< 0.001

Length of illness prior to death.

  

< 0.001a

  

< 0.001a

 > 1 yearb

1

 

1

 < 1 month

0.60

0.59 to 0.62

< 0.001

0.92

0.90 to 0.95

< 0.001

 > 1 month, < 6 month

0.86

0.84 to 0.87

< 0.001

0.91

0.89 to0.92

< 0.001

 > 6 month, < 1 year

1.10

1.08 to 1.12

< 0.001

1.01

0.98 to1.03

0.63

  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, IMD Index of Multiple Deprivation
  2. aP value for overall effect
  3. bUsed as a reference variable