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Table 3 Sensitivity analyses for the association of 3-year cognitive decline with subsequent 3-year mortality

From: Cognitive decline and mortality among community-dwelling Chinese older people

 

Hazard ratio (95%CI)

Model 1* (n = 13,594)

Model 2† (n = 10,549)

Rate of change in MMSE score‡

1.11 (1.10–1.12)

1.10 (1.09–1.11)

Cognitive decline§

 Improvement

0.90 (0.81–1.00)

0.98 (0.86–1.12)

 Stable

Reference

Reference

 Slow decline

1.09 (0.97–1.23)

1.17 (1.02–1.35)

 Rapid decline

1.68 (1.51–1.87)

1.74 (1.53–1.98)

  1. Abbreviations: MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, CI confidence interval
  2. In models 1 and 2, we adjusted for baseline MMSE score, age, sex, cohort, education, occupation, type of residence, marital status, co-residence, smoking, drinking, exercise, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, body mass index and psychological distress
  3. *Model 1: participants lost to follow-up were treated as censored at the end of the study
  4. †Model 2: exclusion of deaths that occurred in the first year of follow-up
  5. ‡Rate of change in MMSE score = (baseline MMSE score − final MMSE score)/the interval between two examinations (years)
  6. §Cognitive decline was defined according to the rate of change in MMSE score. Improvement—rate of change in MMSE score less than zero; stable—rate of change in MMSE score equal to zero; slow decline—rate of change in MMSE score greater than zero but equal to or less than the median of the rate of change showing decline; rapid decline—rate of change in MMSE score greater than the median of the rate of change showing decline