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Table 3 Association of demographic and clinical variables with overall survival for resected pancreatic cancer patients estimated by adjusted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression

From: Development and validation of a prognostic model to predict the prognosis of patients who underwent chemotherapy and resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a large international population-based cohort study

Variable

Category

The US

The US (white)

Belgium

The Netherlands

Slovenia

Norway

Used no.

 

8657

7170

979

833

109

96

HR (95% CI)1

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

Year of diagnosis

Per year; continuous

0.97 (0.96–0.98)

0.97 (0.96–0.98)

0.98 (0.95–1.01)

0.99 (0.95–1.03)

0.96 (0.89–1.03)

0.80 (0.69–0.93)

Age

Per year; continuous

1.01 (1.01–1.01)

1.01 (1.01–1.01)

1.02 (1.01–1.02)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

1.01 (0.99–1.04)

1.04 (1.00–1.08)

Sex

Female

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Male

1.10 (1.05–1.16)

1.12 (1.06–1.18)

0.93 (0.80–1.07)

1.08 (0.91–1.29)

1.49 (0.96–2.32)

1.14 (0.67–1.95)

Tumor location

Pancreas head

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Pancreas body

1.03 (0.92–1.15)

1.04 (0.92–1.17)

1.34 (0.99–1.82)

1.19 (0.69–2.04)

1.33 (0.47–3.81)

0.40 (0.05–2.98)

Pancreas tail

1.02 (0.93–1.12)

1.03 (0.93–1.14)

1.00 (0.76–1.30)

0.85 (0.57–1.26)

0.39 (0.09–1.66)

2.67 (1.09–6.53)

Other2

1.02 (0.93–1.13)

1.03 (0.93–1.15)

0.95 (0.80–1.12)

0.92 (0.65–1.38)

0.83 (0.37–1.84)

0.89 (0.30–2.65)

T stage

T1

0.66 (0.57–0.75)

0.70 (0.61–0.81)

0.68 (0.47–0.97)

0.48 (0.33–0.71)

–

0.17 (0.04–0.72)

T2

0.86 (0.79–0.93)

0.88 (0.81–0.97)

0.89 (0.74–1.08)

1.02 (0.82–1.26)

0.70 (0.29–1.67)

0.89 (0.49–1.61)

T3

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

N stage

N0

0.65 (0.61–0.69)

0.65 (0.61–0.69)

0.78 (0.66–0.92)

0.51 (0.41–0.64)

0.77 (0.40–1.51)

0.71 (0.39–1.29)

N1

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Differentiation

Well

0.60 (0.55–0.66)

0.59 (0.53–0.65)

0.68 (0.55–0.85)

0.48 (0.35–0.67)

0.57 (0.27–1.22)

0.31 (0.04–2.58)

Intermediate

0.77 (0.73–0.81)

0.78 (0.73–0.82)

0.81 (0.69–0.94)

0.61 (0.50–0.73)

0.82 (0.51–1.32)

0.93 (0.54–1.61)

Poor/undifferentiated

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

  1. 1HRs were calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression with adjustment for year of diagnosis, age, sex, tumor location, T, N, and M stages, histology, and differentiation. In stratified analyses, the stratification factor was omitted from the model. Statistically significant HRs are shown in italics
  2. 2Other: pancreas duct, overlapping lesion, and not otherwise specified location
  3. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, −, not available
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