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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the first COPD cohort (training and test datasets)

From: Predicting COPD 1-year mortality using prognostic predictors routinely measured in primary care

Characteristic

Training set

Test set

Died

Not died

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

Total

27,472

50.0

27,518

50.0

11,775

21.4

43,215

78.6

Mean age, years (SD)

69.9 (10.7)

70.0 (10.6)

76.6 (9.2)

68.1 (10.3)

Gender (males)

14,869

54.1

12,603

45.9

4933

41.9

20,353

47.1

IMD quartiles

 1 (least deprived)

5251

19.2

5254

19.1

2237

19.0

8268

19.1

 2

6926

25.3

6910

25.2

3021

25.7

10,815

25.0

 3

7314

26.7

7341

26.8

3176

27.0

11,479

26.6

 4

7891

28.8

7937

28.9

3327

28.3

12,501

28.9

Mean BMI, kg/m2 (SD)

27.5 (6.2)

27.5 (6.2)

26.0 (6.3)

28.0 (6.1)

Mean FEV1, L (SD)

1.59 (0.7)

1.59 (0.7)

1.27 (0.60)

1.67 (0.69)

GOLD stage

 1

10,117

43.1

10,231

43.5

3205

27.2

17,143

39.7

 2

7850

33.5

7883

33.5

2776

23.6

12,957

30.0

 3

4459

19.0

4407

18.8

2545

21.6

6321

14.6

 4

1031

4.4

987

4.2

886

7.5

1132

2.6

MRC score

 1

14,553

53.5

14,524

53.5

3793

32.2

25,284

58.5

 2

7011

25.8

7025

25.9

3262

27.7

10,774

24.9

 3

4497

16.5

4482

16.5

3185

27.0

5794

13.4

 4

1144

4.2

1118

4.1

1349

11.5

913

2.1

Smoking status

 Current

16,006

58.2

15,829

57.6

7272

61.8

24,563

56.8

 Ex-smoker

11,512

41.8

11,643

42.4

4503

38.2

18,652

43.2

GP treated exacerbations

 1–2

7885

28.7

7738

28.2

3483

29.6

12,140

28.1

 > 2

2230

8.1

2272

8.3

1291

11.0

3211

7.4

Hospitalised exacerbations

 1–2

1548

5.6

1609

5.9

1399

11.9

1758

4.1

 > 2

149

0.5

118

0.4

181

1.5

86

0.2

Medications

 ICS

19,252

70.0

18,932

68.9

8937

75.9

29,247

67.7

 LABA

17,638

64.1

17,456

63.5

8330

70.7

26,764

61.9

 LAMA

13,522

49.1

13,585

49.5

6636

56.4

20,471

47.4

Influenza vaccination

22,663

82.4

22,649

82.4

9984

84.8

35,328

81.7

Pneumococcal vaccination

2195

27.5

1983

25.5

1059

9.0

3119

7.2

Comorbidities

 Myocardial infarction

2310

8.4

2162

7.8

1501

12.8

2971

6.7

 Stroke

1393

5.1

1387

5.1

947

8.0

1833

15.6

 Asthma

13,442

48.9

13,198

48.0

5937

50.4

20,703

175.8

 Hypertension

13,263

48.3

13,130

47.7

6550

55.6

19,843

168.5

 Atrial fibrillation (COTE)

2157

7.9

2222

8.1

1176

10.0

2663

22.6

 Chronic kidney disease

2403

8.7

2391

8.7

2805

23.8

1989

16.9

 Dementia

428

1.6

418

1.5

424

3.6

422

3.6

 Anxiety (COTE)

6689

24.3

6715

24.4

2729

23.2

10,675

90.7

 Depression

7941

28.9

8027

29.2

3004

25.5

12,964

110.1

 Lung cancer (COTE)

1109

4.0

1055

3.8

1282

10.9

882

7.5

 Cirrhosis (COTE)

119

0.4

118

0.4

76

0.6

161

1.4

 Oesophageal cancer (COTE)

41

0.1

35

0.1

41

0.3

35

0.3

 Diabetes

4599

16.7

4742

17.2

2408

20.5

6933

58.9

 Pulmonary embolism

642

2.3

680

2.5

374

3.2

948

8.1

 Heart failure (COTE)

1825

6.6

1775

6.5

1566

13.3

2034

17.3

 Osteoporosis

2421

8.8

2392

8.7

11,480

97.5

3333

28.3

 Coronary artery disease (COTE)

5620

20.5

5469

19.9

3361

28.5

7728

65.6

 Pancreatic cancer (COTE)

5

0.0

5

0.0

< 5

< 0.1

6

0.1

 Pulmonary fibrosis (COTE)

183

0.7

177

0.6

144

1.2

216

1.8

 Breast cancer (COTE)

425

1.5

443

1.6

213

1.8

655

5.6

 Gastric/duodenal ulcers (COTE)

230

0.8

229

0.8

121

1.0

338

2.9

 Diabetes with neuropathy (COTE)

3894

14.2

4021

14.6

2073

17.6

5842

49.6

Blood tests

 CRP, mg/L mean (SD)

13.5 (29.5)

13.2 (29.6)

19.4 (36.8)

11.5 (24.5)

 Low albumin, g/L

1185

4.3

1176

4.3

1039

8.8

1322

11.2

 Hb, g/dL mean (SD)

138.5 (41.4)

138.3 (37.5)

133.7 (40.0)

139.8 (39.2)

 Low platelets, × 109/L

655

3.6

690

3.8

431

3.7

914

7.8

 High platelets, × 109/L

1374

7.5

1368

7.5

783

6.6

1959

16.6

 Creatinine, μmol/L mean (SD)

88.9 (37.7)

88.2 (34.1)

98.1 (48.5)

85.7 (30.6)

Bereavement

1337

4.9

1354

4.9

611

5.2

2080

17.7

  1. Hb haemoglobin. Comorbidities included in COTE are indicated