Table 2 Baseline nutritional and dietary intakes according to the quartiles of ultra-processed food consumption, NutriNet-Santé study
Nutritional factors | Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | P trenda |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UPF, range | 0%–10% | 10%–14% | 14%–19% | 19%–76% | |
UPF, median (IQR) | 7% (3%) | 12% (2%) | 16% (2%) | 23% (8%) | |
n | 6682 | 6683 | 6683 | 6682 | |
Total energy intake, Kcal/d | 1830 ± 434 | 1913 ± 446 | 1921 ± 448 | 1934 ± 459 | < 0.0001 |
Alcohol intake, g/d | 9.5 ± 12.2 | 9.8 ± 12.2 | 8.3 ± 10.7 | 6.9 ± 9.9 | < 0.0001 |
Energy intake without alcohol, Kcal/d | 1764 ± 413 | 1845 ± 421 | 1863 ± 427.4 | 1886 ± 442 | < 0.0001 |
Carbohydrates,% energyb | 42.8 ± 6.5 | 43.1 ± 5.7 | 43.2 ± 5.7 | 43.6 ± 5.7 | < 0.0001 |
Lipids, % energyb | 38.2 ± 6.1 | 38.7 ± 5.4 | 38.9 ± 5.1 | 39.0 ± 5.3 | < 0.0001 |
Saturated fatty acids, g/dc | 31.6 ± 6.7 | 32.8 ± 6.5 | 33.4 ± 6.3 | 33.7 ± 6.4 | < 0.0001 |
Monounsaturated fatty acids, g/dc | 30.8 ± 6.7 | 30.4 ± 5.8 | 30.3 ± 5.6 | 30.2 ± 5.5 | < 0.0001 |
Polyunsaturated fatty acids, g/dc | 11.6 ± 3.9 | 11.4 ± 3.4 | 11.3 ± 3.3 | 11.4 ± 3.4 | 0.003 |
Omega-3 fatty acids, g/dc | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | < 0.0001 |
Protein, % energyb | 18.6 ± 3.8 | 17.8 ± 3.2 | 17.6 ± 3.3 | 17.1 ± 3.4 | < 0.0001 |
Beta-carotene, μg/dc | 4031 ± 2233 | 3668 ± 1845 | 3502 ± 1927 | 3121 ± 1893 | < 0.0001 |
Vitamin C, mg/dc | 132 ± 58.9 | 122 ± 63.0 | 116 ± 63.0 | 107 ± 64.1 | < 0.0001 |
Vitamin D, μg/dc | 2.9 ± 1.8 | 2.8 ± 1.6 | 2.7 ± 1.5 | 2.5 ± 1.5 | < 0.0001 |
Vitamin E, mg/dc | 12.1 ± 3.6 | 11.7 ± 3.2 | 11.6 ± 3.2 | 11.5 ± 3.3 | < 0.0001 |
Folic acid, μg/dc | 356 ± 91.5 | 337.9 ± 79.7 | 330 ± 82.5 | 311 ± 86.3 | < 0.0001 |
Vitamin B12, μg/dc | 5.8 ± 4.4 | 5.5 ± 3.7 | 5.3 ± 3.7 | 5.0 ± 3.5 | < 0.0001 |
Magnesium, mg/dc | 367 ± 88.0 | 348 ± 80.3 | 334 ± 81.7 | 318 ± 86.8 | < 0.0001 |
Fiber (g/d)c | 22.0 ± 5.7 | 20.6 ± 5.1 | 19.7 ± 5.1 | 18.2 ± 5.6 | < 0.0001 |
Starchy foods | 213 ± 95.8 | 209 ± 92.2 | 199 ± 86.6 | 182 ± 83.8 | < 0.0001 |
Fruit and vegetables | 579 ± 241 | 530 ± 215 | 503 ± 215 | 450 ± 225 | < 0.0001 |
Meat, fish, eggs | 140 ± 64.1 | 134 ± 59.8 | 130 ± 59.8 | 120 ± 61.7 | < 0.0001 |
Alcoholic drinks | 113 ± 151 | 118 ± 150 | 99.1 ± 129 | 82.9 ± 118 | < 0.0001 |
Beverages | 1385 ± 580 | 1232 ± 481 | 1092 ± 438 | 945 ± 405 | < 0.0001 |
Dairy products | 231 ± 152 | 233 ± 137 | 245 ± 139 | 256 ± 146 | < 0.0001 |
Fatty / sweet products | 80.2 ± 51.1 | 99.0 ± 55.1 | 106 ± 58.7 | 116 ± 63.1 | < 0.0001 |
snacks | 104 ± 66.4 | 125 ± 69.5 | 138 ± 75.4 | 156 ± 86.8 | < 0.0001 |
Sauces/added fats | 28.7 ± 16.5 | 28.1 ± 16.1 | 27.4 ± 16.5 | 25.5 ± 16.7 | < 0.0001 |