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Table 2 BP values and anti-hypertensive treatment in the RIACE participants with valid information on vital status, stratified by BP status according to the 130/80 mmHg BP targets

From: Is resistant hypertension an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes? A prospective cohort study

Variable

NT

UTHT

CHT

UCHT

RHT

P

n, (%)

2206 (14.09)

2378 (15.19)

3707 (23.68)

5014 (32.03)

2351 (15.02)

 

Systolic BP, mmHg

121.2 ± 8.4

145.6 ± 12.7

122.1 ± 8.4

149.4 ± 14.2

147.2 ± 17.5

< 0.0001

Diastolic BP, mmHg

73.7 ± 6.7

82.4 ± 8.4

73.1 ± 7.3

82.6 ± 9.2

80.5 ± 9.7

< 0.0001

Pulse pressure, mmHg

47.5 ± 8.5

63.2 ± 14.4

49.0 ± 8.8

66.8 ± 14.9

66.7 ± 16.7

< 0.0001

Number of anti-hypertensive agents

0 ± 0

0 ± 0

1.80 ± 0.77

1.48 ± 0.50

3.47 ± 0.65

< 0.0001

RAS blockers, n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

3064 (82.65)

3989 (79.56)

2287 (97.28)

< 0.0001

 ACE-inhibitors, n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

2000 (53.95)

2651 (52.87)

1429 (60.78)

< 0.0001

 ARBs, n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1085 (29.27)

1346 (26.84)

1144 (48.66)

< 0.0001

Alpha-blockers, n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

200 (5.40)

240 (4.79)

507 (21.57)

< 0.0001

Beta-blockers, n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

871 (23.50)

749 (14.94)

1099 (46.75)

< 0.0001

Non-DHP CCBs, n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

247 (6.66)

285 (5.68)

257 (10.93)

< 0.0001

DHP CCBs, n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

707 (19.07)

870 (17.35)

1243 (52.87)

< 0.0001

Diuretics, n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1410 (38.04)

1239 (23.71)

2013 (85.62)

< 0.0001

 Thiazides, n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

826 (22.28)

795 (15.86)

1387 (59.00)

< 0.0001

 Henle’s loop, n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

552 (14.89)

379 (7.56)

800 (34.03)

< 0.0001

 Anti-aldosterone, n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

172 (4.64)

100 (1.99)

301 (12.8)

< 0.0001

  1. Values are mean ± SD for continuous variables, unless otherwise specified. RIACE Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events, BP blood pressure, NT normotension, UTHT untreated hypertension, CHT controlled hypertension (on-target with 1, 2, or 3 drugs), UCHT uncontrolled hypertension (not on-target with 1 or 2 drugs), RHT resistant hypertension (on-target with > 4 drugs or not on-target with > 3 drugs), RAS renin-angiotensin system, ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers, DHP dihydropyridine, CCBs calcium channel blockers