Population-level mathematical modeling of antimicrobial resistance: a systematic review

Table 3 Characteristics of AMR-specific interventions reviewed

Resistance target
Acquired	20 (17%)
Transmitted	82 (70%)
Both	15 (13%)
Intervention scale
Micro	85 (73%)
Macro	32 (27%)
Both	0
Recommended strategies to combat AMR
1. Education or awareness campaigns	3 (3%)
2. Improved hygiene and Infection Control	59 (50%)
3. Reduction in use of antimicrobials	16 (14%)
4. Improved surveillance of resistance	32 (27%)
5. Improved and rapid diagnostics	10 (9%)
6. Vaccines and alternatives	11 (9%)
7. Changes to drug regimens	46 (39%)

We categorized the interventions from 117 studies that were specifically aimed at blocking AMR based on whether the interventions targeted acquired or transmitted resistance, the scale of interventions, and the type of intervention strategy modeled, motivated by the categories identified in a seminal report [18]. It should be noted that several models investigated the effects of more than one intervention; therefore, the sum of total strategies evaluated (n = 177) exceeds the total number of studies evaluated (n = 117).

ISSN: 1741-7015