| |
Aware
|
Treated
|
Controlled
|
|---|
|
Rural
|
Urban
|
Rural
|
Urban
|
Rural
|
Urban
|
|---|
|
OR (95% CI)
|
P
|
OR (95% CI)
|
P
|
OR (95% CI)
|
P
|
OR (95% CI)
|
P
|
OR (95% CI)
|
P
|
OR (95% CI)
|
P
|
|---|
|
Education
| |
Trend < 0.001
| |
Trend < 0.001
| |
Trend < 0.001
| |
Trend < 0.001
| |
Trend = 0.359
| |
Trend < 0.001
|
|
Primary school or less
|
1 (reference)
| |
1 (reference)
| |
1 (reference)
| |
1 (reference)
| |
1 (reference)
| |
1 (reference)
| |
|
Secondary school unfinished
|
1.18 (1.09–1.28)
|
< 0.001
|
1.13 (1.03–1.24)
|
0.007
|
1.35 (1.24–1.46)
|
< 0.001
|
1.35 (1.23–1.48)
|
< 0.001
|
1.01 (0.92–1.11)
|
0.785
|
0.95 (0.86–1.06)
|
0.355
|
|
Secondary school or above
|
1.23 (1.11–1.37)
|
< 0.001
|
1.59 (1.43–1.77)
|
< 0.001
|
1.26 (1.13–1.41)
|
< 0.001
|
1.63 (1.46–1.81)
|
< 0.001
|
1.06 (0.94–1.20)
|
0.359
|
1.59 (1.41–1.79)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Household wealth quintile
| |
Trend = 0.001
| |
Trend < 0.001
| |
Trend < 0.001
| |
Trend < 0.001
| |
Trend < 0.001
| |
Trend < 0.001
|
|
Q1 (poorest)
|
1 (reference)
| |
1 (reference)
| |
1 (reference)
| |
1 (reference)
| |
1 (reference)
| |
1 (reference)
| |
|
Q2
|
0.80 (0.71–0.92)
|
0.001
|
1.17 (1.03–1.32)
|
0.015
|
0.87 (0.76–1.00)
|
0.050
|
1.27 (1.11–1.46)
|
< 0.001
|
1.00 (0.86–1.16)
|
0.998
|
0.92 (0.78–1.08)
|
0.287
|
|
Q3
|
0.89 (0.79–1.02)
|
0.093
|
1.24 (1.09–1.41)
|
0.001
|
1.06 (0.92–1.21)
|
0.431
|
1.85 (1.62–2.11)
|
< 0.001
|
1.09 (0.94–1.27)
|
0.242
|
1.43 (1.22–1.66)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Q4
|
1.02 (0.90–1.16)
|
0.741
|
1.01 (0.89–1.15)
|
0.870
|
1.40 (1.22–1.60)
|
< 0.001
|
1.50 (1.31–1.72)
|
< 0.001
|
1.14 (0.98–1.32)
|
0.093
|
1.16 (0.99–1.36)
|
0.062
|
|
Q5 (richest)
|
1.15 (1.00–1.32)
|
0.044
|
1.68 (1.45–1.93)
|
< 0.001
|
1.71 (1.48–1.98)
|
< 0.001
|
2.45 (2.12–2.84)
|
< 0.001
|
1.32 (1.13–1.54)
|
0.001
|
1.59 (1.35–1.88)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Currently married
|
0.82 (0.74–0.92)
|
< 0.001
|
1.13 (1.01–1.27)
|
0.027
|
0.86 (0.77–0.96)
|
0.008
|
1.45 (1.29–1.62)
|
< 0.001
|
0.98 (0.87–1.11)
|
0.730
|
1.62 (1.41–1.86)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Female
|
1.40 (1.31–1.50)
|
< 0.001
|
1.85 (1.72–1.99)
|
< 0.001
|
1.60 (1.49–1.72)
|
< 0.001
|
1.94 (1.80–2.09)
|
< 0.001
|
1.55 (1.44–1.68)
|
< 0.001
|
1.79 (1.65–1.94)
|
< 0.001
|
- Abbreviations: OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, Q quintile
- These regressions contained all socio-demographic variables listed in the table (wealth quintile, education, marital status, and sex), age as a continuous variable with restricted cubic splines with five knots (the knots were placed at the 5th, 27.5th, 50th, 72.5th, and 95th percentiles), and a binary indicator for each district (district-level fixed effects) as explanatory variables. The regressions were weighted using sampling weights. Results for regressions run without sampling weights, not stratified by rural versus urban areas (but including rural/urban as a socio-demographic variable and interaction terms for education-rural/urban location and household wealth quintile-rural/urban location) and separately for women and men can be found in Additional file 1: Table S14-S18. Nineteen thousand four hundred fifty-three individuals with diabetes were included in the regressions for this table; 10,504 were “aware”, 8269 “treated”, and 5329 “controlled”. The P value for trend is for a linear trend
