Table 2 Prevalence of comorbid internalizing disorders, as a function of the number of specific phobia subtypes
Comorbid disorder | Number of subtypes | Test of linear effect (total sample) | Test of linear effect (SP cases only) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4+ | |||||
% (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
Agoraphobia | 0.8 (0.0) | 5.1 (0.4) | 9.5 (0.8) | 17.4 (2.0) | 21.2 (2.3) | 2.6* (2.4–2.7) | < 0.001 | 1.7* (1.5–1.9) | < 0.001 |
Generalized anxiety disorder | 3.5 (0.1) | 9.7 (0.6) | 14.2 (1.1) | 21.0 (1.8) | 21.3 (2.6) | 1.8* (1.7–1.9) | < 0.001 | 1.4* (1.3–1.5) | < 0.001 |
Panic disorder | 1.4 (0.0) | 5.5 (0.5) | 8.8 (0.7) | 12.6 (1.5) | 15.8 (1.8) | 2.0* (1.9–2.1) | < 0.001 | 1.5* (1.3–1.6) | < 0.001 |
Post-traumatic stress disorder | 2.9 (0.1) | 9.0 (0.6) | 15.3 (1.2) | 18.5 (1.8) | 22.2 (2.3) | 1.9* (1.8–2.0) | < 0.001 | 1.4* (1.3–1.6) | < 0.001 |
Separation anxiety disorder | 3.9 (0.1) | 12.7 (0.9) | 19.7 (1.7) | 27.2 (2.5) | 27.4 (2.7) | 1.9* (1.8–2.0) | < 0.001 | 1.4* (1.2–1.5) | < 0.001 |
Social anxiety disorder | 3.3 (0.1) | 14.9 (0.8) | 23.2 (1.3) | 31.3 (2.3) | 38.2 (2.8) | 2.3* (2.2–2.4) | < 0.001 | 1.5* (1.4–1.6) | < 0.001 |
Any anxiety disorder | 10.5 (0.2) | 33.6 (1.1) | 47.0 (1.7) | 62.4 (2.3) | 66.1 (2.8) | 2.4* (2.3–2.5) | < 0.001 | 1.6* (1.5–1.7) | < 0.001 |
Major depression/dysthymia | 10.5 (0.2) | 24.1 (0.9) | 30.1 (1.4) | 36.2 (2.5) | 34.1 (2.7) | 1.6* (1.6–1.7) | < 0.001 | 1.2* (1.2–1.3) | < 0.001 |
Bipolar disorder | 1.8 (0.1) | 5.7 (0.5) | 10.0 (0.9) | 12.7 (1.5) | 17.3 (1.9) | 1.9* (1.8–2.0) | < 0.001 | 1.5* (1.3–1.6) | < 0.001 |
Any mood disorder | 12.0 (0.2) | 28.8 (1.0) | 39.3 (1.5) | 47.8 (2.5) | 50.9 (3.0) | 1.9* (1.8–1.9) | < 0.001 | 1.4* (1.3–1.5) | < 0.001 |
Bulimia nervosa | 0.6 (0.0) | 2.0 (0.3) | 3.6 (0.7) | 6.8 (1.6) | 5.9 (1.6) | 2.0* (1.8–2.2) | < 0.001 | 1.7* (1.4–2.0) | < 0.001 |
Binge eating disorder | 1.4 (0.1) | 5.7 (0.8) | 5.3 (0.8) | 6.6 (1.7) | 6.3 (1.7) | 1.7* (1.5–1.8) | < 0.001 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.746 |
Any eating disorder | 1.9 (0.1) | 7.2 (0.9) | 8.3 (1.0) | 12.4 (2.0) | 11.4 (2.2) | 1.8* (1.7–1.9) | < 0.001 | 1.3* (1.1–1.5) | 0.003 |
Any internalizing disorder | 18.2 (0.2) | 46.3 (1.2) | 61.1 (1.7) | 75.6 (2.1) | 75.6 (2.7) | 2.4* (2.3–2.5) | < 0.001 | 1.6* (1.5–1.8) | < 0.001 |
Exactly 1 internalizing disorder | 12.3 (0.2) | 24.0 (1.0) | 27.6 (1.5) | 26.8 (2.2) | 21.6 (2.4) | 1.4* (1.3–1.4) | < 0.001 | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.677 |
Exactly 2 internalizing disorders | 4.0 (0.1) | 12.2 (0.7) | 15.2 (1.2) | 21.6 (2.0) | 19.7 (2.2) | 1.7* (1.6–1.8) | < 0.001 | 1.2* (1.1–1.3) | < 0.001 |
Exactly 3 internalizing disorders | 1.4 (0.0) | 5.9 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.8) | 12.8 (1.5) | 14.9 (1.8) | 2.0* (1.9–2.1) | < 0.001 | 1.4* (1.2–1.5) | < 0.001 |
4+ internalizing disorders | 0.6 (0.0) | 4.2 (0.4) | 9.0 (0.8) | 14.4 (1.7) | 19.4 (2.6) | 2.6* (2.4–2.8) | < 0.001 | 1.7* (1.6–2.0) | < 0.001 |