Table 2 School neighborhood food environments surrounding US children at baseline and fifth wave of ECLS-K
Food outlet type | Percent or mean ± SD | p valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
All (n = 7530) | Boys (n = 3780) | Girls (n = 3750) | ||
Supermarket | ||||
 1998 | 0.56 ± 2.02 | 0.51 ± 1.77 | 0.62 ± 2.13 | 0.263 |
 2007 | 0.83 ± 3.63 | 0.76 ± 3.39 | 0.91 ± 3.63 | 0.429 |
 1998–2007 |  |  |  | 0.206 |
  Decreased | 16.1 | 15.3 | 17.0 |  |
  Constant | 13.3 | 12.3 | 14.2 |  |
  Increased | 70.6 | 72.4 | 68.8 |  |
Convenience store | ||||
 1998 | 0.13 ± 0.25 | 0.13 ± 0.22 | 0.14 ± 0.26 | 0.460 |
 2007 | 0.19 ± 0.40 | 0.19 ± 0.35 | 0.20 ± 0.41 | 0.456 |
 1998–2007 |  |  |  | 0.937 |
  Decreased | 16.7 | 16.5 | 17.0 |  |
  Constant | 19.4 | 19.6 | 19.2 |  |
  Increased | 63.9 | 63.9 | 63.8 |  |
Full-service restaurant | ||||
 1998 | 1.38 ± 5.14 | 1.28 ± 4.57 | 1.48 ± 5.36 | 0.163 |
 2007 | 1.81 ± 6.93 | 1.72 ± 6.10 | 1.90 ± 7.27 | 0.371 |
 1998–2007 |  |  |  | 0.278 |
  Decreased | 8.0 | 8.2 | 7.8 |  |
  Constant | 5.9 | 5.2 | 6.6 |  |
  Increased | 86.1 | 86.6 | 85.6 |  |
Fast-food restaurant | ||||
 1998 | 0.25 ± 0.48 | 0.24 ± 0.43 | 0.26 ± 0.51 | 0.234 |
 2007 | 0.43 ± 0.97 | 0.42 ± 0.87 | 0.44 ± 0.99 | 0.527 |
 1998–2007 |  |  |  | 0.295 |
  Decreased | 3.8 | 4.0 | 3.5 |  |
  Constant | 11.3 | 10.3 | 12.3 |  |
  Increased | 84.9 | 85.7 | 84.2 |  |
Retail bakery | ||||
 1998 | 0.16 ± 0.50 | 0.14 ± 0.43 | 0.17 ± 0.53 | 0.103 |
 2007 | 0.20 ± 0.72 | 0.19 ± 0.59 | 0.22 ± 0.80 | 0.141 |
 1998–2007 |  |  |  | 0.818 |
  Decreased | 16.0 | 16.3 | 15.8 |  |
  Constant | 29.2 | 28.6 | 29.7 |  |
  Increased | 54.8 | 55.1 | 54.5 |  |
Dairy product store | ||||
 1998 | 0.05 ± 0.13 | 0.05 ± 0.12 | 0.05 ± 0.13 | 0.815 |
 2007 | 0.08 ± 0.20 | 0.08 ± 0.16 | 0.08 ± 0.21 | 0.369 |
 1998–2007 |  |  |  | 0.194 |
  Decreased | 5.9 | 6.1 | 5.6 |  |
  Constant | 31.3 | 29.7 | 32.9 |  |
  Increased | 62.8 | 64.2 | 61.5 |  |
Health food store | ||||
 1998 | 0.07 ± 0.26 | 0.07 ± 0.25 | 0.07 ± 0.26 | 0.560 |
 2007 | 0.10 ± 0.40 | 0.10 ± 0.35 | 0.11 ± 0.43 | 0.649 |
 1998–2007 |  |  |  | 0.320 |
  Decreased | 12.3 | 11.8 | 12.7 |  |
  Constant | 35.5 | 34.4 | 36.7 |  |
  Increased | 52.2 | 53.8 | 50.6 |  |
Candy store | ||||
 1998 | 0.04 ± 0.30 | 0.03 ± 0.24 | 0.05 ± 0.34 | 0.098 |
 2007 | 0.04 ± 0.28 | 0.03 ± 0.22 | 0.05 ± 0.32 | 0.100 |
 1998–2007 |  |  |  | 0.166 |
  Decreased | 13.8 | 14.7 | 12.8 |  |
  Constant | 54.8 | 55.6 | 54.1 |  |
  Increased | 31.4 | 29.7 | 33.1 |  |
Fruit/vegetable market | ||||
 1998 | 0.03 ± 0.22 | 0.03 ± 0.18 | 0.04 ± 0.25 | 0.155 |
 2007 | 0.05 ± 0.27 | 0.04 ± 0.20 | 0.06 ± 0.31 | 0.090 |
 1998–2007 |  |  |  | 0.305 |
  Decreased | 5.9 | 6.3 | 5.4 |  |
  Constant | 65.9 | 66.7 | 65.2 |  |
  Increased | 28.2 | 27.0 | 29.4 |  |
Meat/fish market | ||||
 1998 | 0.08 ± 0.40 | 0.07 ± 0.35 | 0.09 ± 0.43 | 0.230 |
 2007 | 0.09 ± 0.45 | 0.08 ± 0.35 | 0.11 ± 0.51 | 0.207 |
 1998–2007 |  |  |  | 0.509 |
  Decreased | 12.0 | 12.4 | 11.6 |  |
  Constant | 52.3 | 51.0 | 53.6 |  |
  Increased | 35.7 | 36.6 | 34.8 |  |
Beverage store | ||||
 1998 | 0.05 ± 0.21 | 0.05 ± 0.21 | 0.05 ± 0.21 | 0.768 |
 2007 | 0.11 ± 0.44 | 0.11 ± 0.45 | 0.11 ± 0.38 | 0.978 |
 1998–2007 |  |  |  | 0.861 |
  Decreased | 4.7 | 5.0 | 4.5 |  |
  Constant | 33.7 | 33.5 | 33.8 |  |
  Increased | 61.6 | 61.5 | 61.7 |  |