Fig. 3

Generalized attributable fraction (GAF) functions for all-cause and cause-specific mortality in single responders. The GAF represents the proportion of deaths that could be prevented before a given age (i.e., delayed beyond that age) if FI levels greater than 0.21 were reduced to the level of 0.209 in the population. The estimated GAFs demonstrated that theoretical reduction of the FI levels below 0.20 would potentially delay 20–30% of all-cause, CVD, and respiratory-related deaths in men and women beyond the age of 80 years. All models were adjusted for BMI, years of education, and tobacco use status, and additionally adjusted for history of CVD, or respiratory diseases in corresponding cause-specific mortality analysis, and were fitted as a function of age at FI assessment