Demographics
|
Age, median (IQR), years
|
3.6 (2.6, 4.6)
|
2.9 (2.1, 4.5)
|
3.5 (2.5, 4.9)
|
0.0002
|
Female sex, (%) no.
|
94 (54.3)
|
86 (39.3)
|
107 (41.2)
|
0.006
|
Weight-for-age z score, median (IQR)
|
− 1.0 (− 1.5, − 0.3)
|
− 1.5 (− 2.2, − 0.7)
|
− 1.2 (− 1.9, − 0.5)
|
0.0001
|
Height-for-age z score, median (IQR)
|
− 1.1 (− 1.7, − 0.4)
|
− 1.0 (− 1.9, − 0.3)
|
− 0.6 (− 1.9, − 0.5)
|
0.002
|
Socioeconomic status score, median (IQR)1
|
9 (8, 12)
|
9 (7, 11)
|
9 (8, 11)
|
0.355
|
Home environment z score, median (IQR)1
|
0.12 (− 0.71, 0.85)
|
− 0.05 (− 0.71, 0.67)
|
− 0.02 (− 0.71, 0.71)
|
0.523
|
Maternal education level, no. (%)1
|
Primary 6 or lower
|
47 (27.2)
|
88 (38.6)
|
80 (36.7)
|
0.348
|
Primary 7
|
42 (24.3)
|
47 (20.6)
|
45 (20.6)
|
Secondary or higher
|
74 (42.8)
|
80 (35.1)
|
83 (38.1)
|
Not known
|
10 (5.8)
|
13 (5.7)
|
10 (4.6)
|
Paternal education level, no. (%)1
|
Primary 6 or lower
|
24 (13.9)
|
50 (22.9)
|
38 (16.7)
|
0.076
|
Primary 7
|
33 (19.1)
|
31 (14.2)
|
40 (17.5)
|
Secondary or higher
|
90 (52.0)
|
98 (45.0)
|
98 (43.0)
|
Not known
|
26 (15.0)
|
39 (17.9)
|
52 (22.8)
|
Child any education, no. (%)1
|
72 (41.9)
|
56 (26.3)
|
85 (38.1)
|
0.008
|
Laboratory characteristics2
| | | |
SMA vs. CM
|
Hemoglobin, g/dL
|
11.8 (11.0, 12.6)
|
3.9 (3.2, 4.5)
|
6.8 (5.1, 8.7)
|
< 0.0001
|
Glucose, mmol/L
|
–
|
6.4 (4.7, 8.2)
|
6.6 (4.9, 8.9)
|
0.162
|
Lactate, mmol/L
|
–
|
4.8 (3.0, 8.0)
|
3.8 (2.2, 6.7)
|
0.002
|
WBC, × 103/μL
|
8.6 (7.2, 10.6)
|
11.5 (8.2, 16.2)
|
9.4 (7.2, 13.9)
|
0.0001
|
Platelet, ×103/μL
|
383 (289, 449)
|
149 (91, 225)
|
60 (34, 111)
|
< 0.0001
|
Total bilirubin, mg/dL
|
0.2 (0.1, 0.3)
|
1.3 (0.7, 2.1)
|
1.6 (0.9. 2.7)
|
0.004
|
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), U/L
|
162 (232, 311)
|
762 (621, 990)
|
829 (630, 1116)
|
0.069
|
Plasma albumin, g/dL
|
3.7 (3.4, 3.9)
|
2.6 (2.3, 3.0)
|
2.6 (2.4, 2.9)
|
0.898
|
Sodium, mmol/L
|
137 (135, 138)
|
134 (132, 136)
|
132 (128, 136)
|
< 0.0001
|
Peripheral parasite density, parasites/uL
|
0 (0, 0)
|
34,970 (10,085, 134,925)
|
48,420 (10,830, 282,400)
|
0.0286
|
Plasma PfHRP2, ng/mL
|
5 (5, 118)
|
944 (367, 2790)
|
2828 (1024, 5546)
|
< 0.0001
|
Creatinine, mg/dL
|
0.30 (0.24, 0.35)
|
0.35 (0.28, 0.46)
|
0.42 (0.31, 0.55)
|
< 0.0001
|
BUN, mg/dL
|
7 (5, 9)
|
13 (9, 20)
|
17 (12, 25)
|
< 0.0001
|