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Table 4 Association between ethnicity/immigration status and prediabetes incidence using glucose thresholds according to the American Diabetes Association

From: Ethnic differences in prediabetes incidence among immigrants to Canada: a population-based cohort study

Study population, variable

No. new cases of prediabetes

Person-years of follow-up

Crude incidence (no./100 person-years)

Cumulative incidence (%)a

Age, sex, and area-income-adjusted HR (95% CI)b, c

Fully adjusted HR (95% CI)c, d

Immigrants, ethnicity

 South Asian

25,465

433,322

5.88

47.10

1.64 (1.59–1.68)

1.65 (1.60–1.69)

 Sub-Saharan African and Caribbean

12,254

267,584

4.58

39.74

1.30 (1.26–1.35)

1.33 (1.29–1.37)

 South-East Asian

10,632

213,383

4.98

40.39

1.35 (1.31–1.39)

1.37 (1.33–1.41)

 Latin American

9923

206,875

4.80

39.79

1.31 (1.27–1.36)

1.32 (1.28–1.36)

 East Asian

25,741

477,038

5.40

39.52

1.31 (1.27–1.34)

1.30 (1.26–1.34)

 West Asian and Arab

10,053

229,832

4.37

36.86

1.21 (1.17–1.25)

1.19 (1.15–1.23)

 Eastern European

12,082

312,374

3.87

32.37

1.04 (1.01–1.07)

1.00 (0.97–1.04)

 Western European

6371

167,631

3.80

32.25

Referent

Referent

Entire cohort, immigration status

 Immigrants to Canada

112,568

9,996,199

4.88

43.73

1.29 (1.28–1.30)

1.27 (1.26–1.28)c

 Long-term Canadian Residents

457,217

2,308,649

4.57

35.89

Referent

NA

  1. Cases who met any of the following prediabetes definitions on subsequent laboratory testing: (1) fasting glucose 5.7 to 6.9 mmol/L, (2) 2-h glucose 7.8 to 11.0 mmol/L on 75-g OGTT, or (3) HbA1c of 5.7–6.4% (39 to 46 mmol/mol)
  2. aCumulative incidence is based on the cumulative incidence probability for prediabetes
  3. bAdjusted for age, sex, and area income
  4. cCases censored at time when prediabetes definition was first met, if criteria for diabetes met, lost health care coverage, died, or December 31, 2013
  5. dAdjusted for age, sex, area income, education, ethnicity, marital status, immigration visa category, and duration