Table 1 Demographic, clinical, and tumor characteristics of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Patient demographics | Training cohort (n = 352) | Validation cohort (n = 393) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | |||
 < 60 | 274 (77.8%) | 290 (73.8%) | 0.20 |
 ≥ 60 | 78 (22.2%) | 103 (26.2%) |  |
Sex (female), n (%) | 60 (17.0%) | 53 (13.5%) | 0.17 |
Etiology | |||
 HBV | 295 (83.8%) | 314 (79.9%) | 0.24 |
 HCV | 2 (0.6%) | 6 (1.5%) |  |
 Others | 55 (15.6%) | 73 18.6%) |  |
Liver cirrhosis, yes (%) | 284 (80.7%) | 331 (84.2%) | 0.06 |
AFP, ng/mL | 101.5 (6.0, 724.5) | 71 (6.0, 865.0) | 0.45 |
Albumin, g/L | 4.3 (4.0, 4.6) | 4.4 (4.1, 4.7) | 0.008 |
Bilirubin, μmol/L | 14.8 (11.5, 18.6) | 14.0 (10.6, 18.3) | 0.03 |
ALT, IU/L | 41 (27.5, 63.5) | 38 (27, 54) | 0.06 |
GGT, U/L | 52 (33, 99) | 58 (38, 100) | 0.11 |
Tumor number, n (%) | |||
 1 | 314 (89.2%) | 327 (83.2%) | 0.06 |
 2 | 29 (8.2%) | 51 (14.5%) |  |
 ≥ 3 | 9 (2.6%) | 15 (3.8%) |  |
Tumor diameter, cm | 4.0 (2.5, 7.0) | 4.0 (2.5, 6.5) | 0.39 |
Microvascular invasion (yes), n (%) | 111 (31.5%) | 114 (29.0%) | 0.45 |
Lymphoid metastasis (negative), n (%) | 350 (99.4%) | 393 (100.0%) | 0.13 |
Tumor differentiation (Edmondson-Steiner grade) | |||
 I-II | 266 (75.6%) | 284 (72.3%) | 0.31 |
 III-IV | 86 (24.4%) | 109 (27.7%) |  |
BCLC | |||
 0 | 42 (11.9%) | 46 (11.7%) | 0.52 |
 A | 269 (76.4%) | 311 (79.1%) |  |
 B | 41 (11.7%) | 36 (9.2%) |  |
Occlusion, min | |||
 < 15 | 274 (77.8%) | 299 (76.1%) | 0.57 |
 ≥ 15 | 78 (22.2%) | 94 (23.9%) |  |