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Table 2 Studies of second-generation antipsychotics and microbiota in humans

From: The effects of antipsychotic medications on microbiome and weight gain in children and adolescents

Cohort description

Mean age (years)

% Males

Drug(s)

Microbial taxonomy alterations

Microbial diversity alterations

Host metabolic alteration

Country

References

Adolescents (5 commencing treatment vs. 10 healthy controls)

11.7

100

Risperidone

Bacteroidetes: Firmicutes ratio↓

Diversity ↑

Higher BMI

USA

[96]

Adolescents (18 treated over a year vs. 10 healthy controls)

12.2

100

Risperidone

Bacteroidetes: Firmicutes ratio↓, Proteobacteria ↑, Actinobacteria ↑, Verrucomicrobia ↓

 

Higher BMI

USA

[96]

Adults (117 bipolar disorder patients: 49 treated with SGA, 68 non-treated)

46

26

Clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, asenapine, ziprasidone, lurasidone, aripiprazole, paliperidone, iloperidone

Akkermansia↓ in non-obese treated vs. untreated patients

Diversity↓

Higher BMI

USA

[97]

Age not defined (41 patients with a first episode of schizophrenia and normal body weight)

23.1

56%

Risperidone

Bifidobacterium spp. ↑

 

Higher BMI, weight gain

China

[56]