Table 2 HIV prevalence in FSWs in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), as reported in studies using probability-based sampling
Country | Author, year [citation] | Year(s) of data collection | City/province | Study site | Sampling | Population | Sample size | HIV prevalence* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | 95% CI | ||||||||
Afghanistan | SAR AIDS HDS, 2008 [53] | 2006–2007 | Jalalabad | Community | TLS | FSWs | 45 | 0 | NR |
SAR AIDS HDS, 2008 [53] | 2006–2007 | Mazar-i-Sharif | Community | TLS | FSWs | 87 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2010 [54] (round I) | 2009 | Kabul | Community | RDS | FSWs | 368 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2012 [55] (round II) | 2012 | Herat | Community | RDS | FSWs | 344 | 0.9 | NR | |
NACP, 2012 [55] (round II) | 2012 | Kabul | Community | RDS | FSWs | 333 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2012 [55] (round II) | 2012 | Mazar-i-Sharif | Community | RDS | FSWs | 355 | 0 | NR | |
Egypt | MOH, 2006 [56] (round I) | 2006 | Cairo | Community | Conv** | FSWs | 118 | 0.8 | NR |
MOH, 2010 [57] (round II) | 2010 | Cairo | Community | Conv** | FSWs | 200 | 0 | NR | |
Iran | Navadeh, 2012 [58] | 2010 | Kerman | Community | RDS | FSWs | 139 | 0 | NR |
Sajadi, 2013 [59] (round I) | 2010 | National | Facilities serving vulnerable women | MCS | FSWs | 817 | 4.5 | NR | |
Kazerooni, 2014 [60] | 2010–2011 | Shiraz | Community | RDS | FSWs | 278 | 4.7 | NR | |
Moaeyedi-Nia, 2016 [61] | 2012–2013 | Tehran | Community | RDS | FSWs | 161 | 5 | NR | |
Mirzazadeh, 2016 [62] (round II) | 2015 | National | Facilities serving vulnerable women | MCS | FSWs | 1337 | 2.1 | 0.9–4.6 | |
Karami, 2017 [63] | 2016 | Tehran | Community | TLS | FSWs | 369 | 4.6 | NR | |
Jordan | WHO, 2011 [33] (round I) | 2009 | National | Community | RDS | FSWs | 225 | 0 | NR |
MOH, 2014 [64] (round II) | 2013 | Amman | Community | RDS | FSWs | 358 | 0.6 | NR | |
MOH, 2014 [64] (round II) | 2013 | Irbid | Community | RDS | FSWs | 102 | 0 | NR | |
MOH, 2014 [64] (round II) | 2013 | Zarqa | Community | RDS | FSWs | 212 | 0.5 | NR | |
Lebanon | Mahfoud, 2010 [65] | 2007–2008 | Greater Beirut | Community | RDS | FSWs | 95 | 0 | NR |
Libya | Valadez, 2013 [66] (round I) | 2010–2011 | Tripoli | Community | RDS | FSWs | 69 | 15.7 | 3.2–32.6 |
Morocco | MOH, 2012 [67] | 2011–2012 | Agadir | Community | RDS | FSWs | 364 | 5.1 | 2.1–8.6 |
MOH, 2012 [67] | 2011–2012 | Fes | Community | RDS | FSWs | 359 | 1.8 | 0–2.1 | |
MOH, 2012 [67] | 2011–2012 | Rabat | Community | RDS | FSWs | 392 | 0 | NR | |
MOH, 2012 [67] | 2011–12 | Tanger | Community | RDS | FSWs | 319 | 1.4 | 0.4–3.3 | |
Pakistan | Bokhari, 2007 [68] | 2004 | Lahore | Red-light district | SyCS | FSWs | 378 | 0.5 | NR |
NACP, 2005 [38] (round I) | 2005 | Faisalabad | Community | RDS and TLS | Kothikhana, home, and street-based FSWs | 400 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2005 [38] (round I) | 2005 | Hyderabad | Community | SyRS, RDS, and TLS | Brothel, kothikhana, home, and street-based FSWs | 400 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2005 [38] (round I) | 2005 | Karachi | Community | SyRS, RDS, and TLS | Brothel, kothikhana, home, and street-based FSWs | 400 | 0.8 | NR | |
NACP, 2005 [38] (round I) | 2005 | Lahore | Community | SyRS, RDS, and TLS | Brothel, kothikhana, home, and street-based FSWs | 400 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2005 [38] (round I) | 2005 | Multan | Community | Conv (take all), RDS, and TLS | Brothel, kothikhana, home, and street-based FSWs | 400 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2005 [38] (round I) | 2005 | Peshawar | Community | MCS | Kothikhana, home, and street-based FSWs | 359 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2005 [38] (round I) | 2005 | Quetta | Community | RDS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, and street-based FSWs | 411 | 0.7 | NR | |
NACP, 2005 [38] (round I) | 2005 | Sukkur | Community | RDS and TLS | Kothikhana, home, and street-based FSWs | 368 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2007 [69] (round II) | 2006 | Bannu | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, and street-based FSWs | 194 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2007 [69] (round II) | 2006 | Faisalabad | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, and street-based FSWs | 400 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2007 [69] (round II) | 2006 | Gujranwala | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, and street-based FSWs | 400 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2007 [69] (round II) | 2006 | Hyderabad | Community | SyRS and MCS | Brothel, kothikhana, home, and street-based FSWs | 398 | 0.3 | NR | |
NACP, 2007 [69] (round II) | 2006 | Karachi | Community | SyRS and MCS | Brothel, kothikhana, home, and street-based FSWs | 403 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2007 [69] (round II) | 2006 | Lahore | Community | SyRS and MCS | Brothel, kothikhana, home, and street-based FSWs | 425 | 0.02 | NR | |
NACP, 2007 [69] (round II) | 2006 | Larkana | Community | SyRS and MCS | Brothel, kothikhana, home, and street-based FSWs | 400 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2007 [69] (round II) | 2006 | Multan | Community | SyRS and MCS | Brothel, kothikhana, home, and street-based FSWs | 400 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2007 [69] (round II) | 2006 | Peshawar | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 423 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2007 [69] (round II) | 2006 | Quetta | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 398 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2007 [69] (round II) | 2006 | Sargodha | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 400 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2007 [69] (round II) | 2006 | Sukkur | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 400 | 0 | NR | |
Hawkes, 2009 [70] | 2007 | Abbottabad | Community | RDS | FSWs | 107 | 0 | NR | |
Hawkes, 2009 [70] | 2007 | Rawalpindi | Community | RDS | FSWs | 426 | 0 | NR | |
Khan, 2011 [71] | 2007 | Lahore | Community | RDS | FSWs | 730 | 0.7 | NR | |
NACP, 2010 [72] (special IBBSS among FSWs) | 2009 | Punjab and Sindh | Community | SyRS and MCS | FSWs | 2197 | 1.0 | NR | |
NACP, 2012 [40] (round IV) | 2012 | DG Khan | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 375 | 0.5 | 0.1–1.9 | |
NACP, 2012 [40] (round IV) | 2012 | Faisalabad | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 376 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2012 [40] (round IV) | 2012 | Haripur | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 211 | 0.9 | 0.3–3.4 | |
NACP, 2012 [40] (round IV) | 2012 | Karachi | Community | SyRS and MCS | Brothel, kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 377 | 1.9 | 0.9–3.8 | |
NACP, 2012 [40] (round IV) | 2012 | Lahore | Community | SyRS and MCS | Brothel, kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 375 | 0.5 | 0.1–1.9 | |
NACP, 2012 [40] (round IV) | 2012 | Larkana | Community | SyRS and MCS | Brothel, kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 375 | 1.9 | 0.9–3.8 | |
NACP, 2012 [40] (round IV) | 2012 | Multan | Community | SyRS and MCS | Brothel, kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 375 | 0.3 | 0.05–1.5 | |
NACP, 2012 [40] (round IV) | 2012 | Peshawar | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 367 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2012 [40] (round IV) | 2012 | Quetta | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 345 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2012 [40] (round IV) | 2012 | Rawalpindi | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 375 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2012 [40] (round IV) | 2012 | Sargodha | Community | SyRS and MCS | Brothel, kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 345 | 0.3 | 0.05–1.6 | |
NACP, 2012 [40] (round IV) | 2012 | Sukkur | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 375 | 0.8 | 0.3–2.3 | |
NACP, 2017 [42] (round V) | 2016–2017 | Bahawalpur | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 351 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2017 [42] (round V) | 2016–2017 | Bannu | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 196 | 1.5 | 1–4.4 | |
NACP, 2017 [42] (round V) | 2016–2017 | DG Khan | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 364 | 0.8 | 0.3–2.4 | |
NACP, 2017 [42] (round V) | 2016–2017 | Gujranwala | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 304 | 0.7 | 0.2–2.4 | |
NACP, 2017 [42] (round V) | 2016–2017 | Gujrat | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 250 | 0.4 | 0.1–2.2 | |
NACP, 2017 [42] (round V) | 2016–2017 | Hyderabad | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 364 | 2.2 | 1.1–4.3 | |
NACP, 2017 [42] (round V) | 2016–2017 | Karachi | Community | SyRS and MCS | Brothel, kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 387 | 2.6 | 1.4–4.7 | |
NACP, 2017 [42] (round V) | 2016–2017 | Kasur | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 364 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2017 [42] (round V) | 2016–2017 | Larkana | Community | SyRS and MCS | Brothel, kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 364 | 4.1 | 2.5–6.7 | |
NACP, 2017 [42] (round V) | 2016–2017 | Mirpurkhas | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 364 | 4.1 | 2.5–6.7 | |
NACP, 2017 [42] (round V) | 2016–2017 | Nawabshah | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 364 | 3.8 | 2.3–6.4 | |
NACP, 2017 [42] (round V) | 2016–2017 | Peshawar | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 265 | 3 | 1.5–5.8 | |
NACP, 2017 [42] (round V) | 2016–2017 | Quetta | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 364 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2017 [42] (round V) | 2016–2017 | Rawalpindi | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 364 | 0.3 | 0.1–1.5 | |
NACP, 2017 [42] (round V) | 2016–2017 | Sheikhupura | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 363 | 1.7 | 1.1–4.9 | |
NACP, 2017 [42] (round V) | 2016–2017 | Sialkot | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 193 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2017 [42] (round V) | 2016–2017 | Sukkur | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 364 | 8.8 | 6.3–12.2 | |
NACP, 2017 [42] (round V) | 2016–2017 | Turbat | Community | SyRS and MCS | Kothikhana, home, street-based, and other FSWs | 72 | 0 | NR | |
Somalia | Testa, 2008 [73] (round I) | 2008 | Hargeisa | Community | RDS | FSWs | 237 | 5.2 | 2.5–8.5 |
IOM, 2017 [74] (round II) | 2014 | Hargeisa | Community | RDS | FSWs | 96 | 4.8 | 0.2–9.3 | |
Sudan | Elkarim, 2002 [75] | 2002 | National | Community | MSysRS | FSWs | 367 | 4.4 | NR |
Abdelrahim, 2010 [76] | 2008 | Khartoum | Community | RDS | FSWs | 321 | 0.9 | 0.1–2.2 | |
NACP, 2010 [77] | 2008–09 | Gezira | Community | RDS | FSWs | 267 | 0.1 | NR | |
NACP, 2012 [78] | 2011 | Alshamalia | Community | RDS | FSWs | 305 | 0.3 | 0–1 | |
NACP, 2012 [78] | 2011 | Blue Nile | Community | RDS | FSWs | 279 | 1.5 | 0–3 | |
NACP, 2012 [78] | 2011 | Gadarif | Community | RDS | FSWs | 282 | 0.6 | 0–1 | |
NACP, 2012 [78] | 2011 | Gezira | Community | RDS | FSWs | 296 | 0.7 | 0–1 | |
NACP, 2012 [78] | 2011 | Kassala | Community | RDS | FSWs | 288 | 5.0 | 2–8 | |
NACP, 2012 [78] | 2011 | Khartoum | Community | RDS | FSWs | 287 | 0 | NR | |
NACP, 2012 [78] | 2011 | North Darfur | Community | RDS | FSWs | 303 | 0.7 | 0–3 | |
NACP, 2012 [78] | 2011 | North Kordofan | Community | RDS | FSWs | 296 | 1 | 0–3 | |
NACP, 2012 [78] | 2011 | Red Sea | Community | RDS | FSWs | 293 | 7.7 | 4–12 | |
NACP, 2012 [78] | 2011 | River Nile | Community | RDS | FSWs | 291 | 0.7 | 0–2 | |
NACP, 2012 [78] | 2011 | Sinnar | Community | RDS | FSWs | 303 | 0.7 | 0–2 | |
NACP, 2012 [78] | 2011 | South Darfur | Community | RDS | FSWs | 299 | 0.2 | 0–1 | |
NACP, 2012 [78] | 2011 | West Darfur | Community | RDS | FSWs | 284 | 1 | 0–3 | |
NACP, 2012 [78] | 2011 | White Nile | Community | RDS | FSWs | 288 | 1.3 | 0–3 | |
MOH, 2016 [79] | 2015–2016 | Juba, South Sudan | Community | RDS | FSWs | 835 | 37.9 | 33.6–42.2 | |
Tunisia | Hsairi, 2012 [80] | 2009 | Tunis, Sfax, and Sousse | Community | RDS | Street-based FSWs | 703 | 0.4 | NR |
Hsairi, 2012 [80] | 2011 | Tunis | Community | TLS | Street-based FSWs | 357 | 0.6 | 0–1.3 | |
Hsairi, 2012 [80] | 2011 | Sfax | Community | TLS | Street-based FSWs | 284 | 0 | NR | |
Hsairi, 2012 [80] | 2011 | Sousse | Community | TLS | Street-based FSWs | 347 | 1.2 | 0.02–2.3 | |
Yemen | Stulhofer, 2008 [81] (round I) | 2008 | Aden | Community | RDS | FSWs | 244 | 1.3 | 0–2.9 |
MOH, 2014 [82] (round I) | 2010–2011 | Hodeida | Community | RDS | FSWs | 301 | 0 | NR | |