Table 4 HIV prevalence in clients of FSWs (or proxy populations of clients of FSWs such as male STI clinic attendees) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
Country | Author, year [citation] | Year(s) of data collection | City/province | Study site | Sampling | Population | Sample size | HIV prev* | Sexual contacts | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | 95% CI | |||||||||
Algeria | MOH, 2009 [113] | 2004 | Oran | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 41 | 4.9 | NR | NR |
MOH, 2009 [113] | 2004 | Tamanrasset | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 105 | 0 | 0 | NR | |
MOH, 2009 [113] | 2004 | Tizi-Ouzou | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 11 | 9.1 | NR | NR | |
MOH, 2009 [113] | 2007 | National | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 571 | 3.3 | NR | NR | |
Djibouti | Rodier, 1993 [84] | 1987 | Djibouti | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 252 | 0.8 | NR | NR |
Rodier, 1993 [84] | 1988 | Djibouti | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 249 | 0.8 | NR | NR | |
Fox, 1989 [114] | NR | NR | NR | Conv | Clients of FSWs | 105 | 1.0 | NR | Clients of FSWs | |
Rodier, 1993 [84] | 1990 | Djibouti | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 106 | 1.9 | NR | NR | |
OMS, 2001 [115] | 1990 | NR | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | NR | 2.2 | NR | NR | |
Rodier, 1993 [84] | 1991 | Djibouti | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 193 | 10.4 | NR | NR | |
OMS, 2001 [115] | 1991 | NR | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | NR | 9.2 | NR | NR | |
MOH, 1993 [116] | 1992 | NR | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | NR | 11.6 | NR | NR | |
MOH, 1993 [116] | 1993 | NR | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 411 | 14.4 | NR | NR | |
MOH, 2002 [117] | 2001–2002 | Djibouti | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 237 | 34.6 | NR | NR | |
2006 | Djibouti | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 72 | 5.6 | 1.5–13.6 | NR | ||
Egypt | Sheba, 1988 [88] | 1986–1987 | Multiple cities | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 302 | 0 | NR | NR |
Sadek, 1991 [119] | 1987–1988 | Cairo | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 140 | 0.7 | NR | NR | |
Sadek, 1991 [119] | 1989–1990 | Cairo | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 125 | 0.8 | NR | NR | |
Fox, 1994 [120] | 1993 | Alexandria | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 200 | 0 | NR | NR | |
Fox, 1994 [120] | 1993 | Cairo | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 300 | 0.3 | NR | NR | |
Saleh, 2000 [121] | 1998–2000 | Alexandria | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 295 | 0 | NR | NR | |
Kuwait | NAP, 1999 [122] | 1984–1998 | Sabah, Kuwait | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 3097 | 0.02 | NR | NR |
Murzi, 1989 [123] | 1988 | Kuwait | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 305 | 0 | NR | NR | |
Al-Owaish, 2000 [124] | 1996–1997 | Kuwait | STI clinic | SyRS | STI clinic attendees (Kuwaiti) | 617 | 0 | NR | 23% reported contact with FSWs, 1% with MSWs, 35% with girlfriend, 12% with a mix of the above | |
Al-Owaish, 2000 [124] | 1996–1997 | Kuwait | STI clinic | SyRS | STI clinic attendees (non-Kuwaiti) | 1367 | 0 | NR | 61% reported contact with FSWs, 0.5% with MSWs, 28.5% with girlfriend, 3% with a mix of the above | |
Al-Owaish, 2002 [125] | 2002 | Kuwait | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees (non-Kuwaiti) | 599 | 0 | NR | NR | |
Al-Mutairi, 2007 [126] | 2003–2004 | Kuwait | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees (predom. men) | 520 | 0 | NR | 79% reported contact with FSWs | |
Morocco | Heikel, 1999 [127] | 1992–1996 | Casablanca | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 1131 | 0.9 | NR | NR |
Manhart, 1996 [128] | 1996 | Agadir, Tanger, and Marrakech | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 223 | 1.4 | NR | NR | |
Alami, 2002 [129] | 2001 | Rabat, Sale, Beni Mellal, and Marrakech | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 422 | 0 | NR | 70.7% reported new sexual partner, 47% multiple sexual partners in the past 3 months | |
MOH, 2001 [130] | 2001 | Marrakech, Beni Mellal, and Rabat, Sale | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 422 | 0 | NR | NR | |
Khattabi, 2005 [131] | 2004 | National | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | NR | 0.4 | NR | NR | |
MOH, 2013 [132] | 2006 | National | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 1180 | 0.2 | NR | NR | |
MOH, 2013 [132] | 2007 | National | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 986 | 0.4 | NR | NR | |
MOH, 2013 [132] | 2008 | National | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 1237 | 0.5 | NR | NR | |
MOH, 2013 [132] | 2009 | National | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 1103 | 0.3 | NR | NR | |
MOH, 2013 [132] | 2010 | National | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 1181 | 0.7 | NR | NR | |
MOH, 2013 [133] | 2011 | Fes, Meknes, and Laayoune Boujdour | VCT | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 88 | 2.3 | NR | NR | |
MOH, 2013 [132] | 2012 | National | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 1070 | 0.3 | NR | NR | |
MOH, 2013 [133] | 2012 | National | VCT and STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 1297 | 0.4 | NR | NR | |
Pakistan | Mujeeb, 1993 [134] | NR | Karachi | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 32 | 0 | NR | NR |
Memon, 1997 [135] | 1994–1995 | Hyderabad | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees (predom. men) | 50 | 0 | NR | NR | |
NAP, 1996 [136] | 1995 | Karachi | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees (predom. men) | 402 | 0 | NR | NR | |
NAP, 1996 [136] | 1995 | Lahore | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees (predom. men) | 295 | 0 | NR | NR | |
Rehan, 2003 [137] | 1999 | Karachi | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 138 | 0 | NR | 43% reported contact with FSWs, 12% with casual heterosexual contact, 11.6% with MSM, 18.4% reported bisexuality | |
Rehan, 2003 [137] | 1999 | Lahore | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 148 | 0 | NR | NR | |
Rehan, 2003 [137] | 1999 | Peshawar | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 93 | 1.1 | NR | NR | |
Rehan, 2003 [137] | 1999 | Quetta | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 86 | 0 | NR | NR | |
Bhutto, 2011 [138] | 2000–2009 | Larkana | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 4288 | 0.06 | NR | 83% reported a history of contact with FSWs | |
Bokhari, 2007 [68] | 2004 | Karachi | Trucking agencies | SRS | Truck driver clients of FSWs | 120 | 0 | NR | Subsample including only clients of FSWs | |
Razvi, 2014 [139] | 2010–2014 | Abbottabad | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 465 | 1.1 | NR | 8% refused to answer, 70% of the rest reported contact with FSWs, 21% with MSM, 7.5% with married women | |
NAP, 2012 [140] | 2011 | Balochistan | Mines | SRS | Mine workers clients of FSWs | 381 | 0 | NR | Subsample including only men reporting contact with FSWs at last sex | |
Somalia | Ismail, 1990 [141] | 1986 | Mogadishu | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 101 | 0 | NR | 54% reported contact with FSWs |
Scott, 1991 [106] | 1989 | Mogadishu | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 50 | 0 | NR | NR | |
Burans, 1990 [105] | NR | Mogadishu | NR | Conv | STI clinic attendees (80% soldiers) | 45 | 0 | NR | 40% reported contact with FSWs | |
Corwin, 1991 [107] | 1990 | Chismayu, Merca, and Mogadishu | NR | Conv | Partners of FSWs | 26 | 0 | NR | Partners of FSWs | |
Duffy, 1999 [142] | 1999 | Hargeisa | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 106 | 0.9 | NR | NR | |
WHO, 2005 [143] | 2004 | Bossasso | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 78 | 1.3 | NR | NR | |
WHO, 2005 [143] | 2004 | Hargeisa | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 52 | 9.6 | NR | NR | |
WHO, 2005 [143] | 2004 | Mogadishu | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 46 | 4.4 | NR | NR | |
UNHCR, 2007 [144] | 2006–2007 | Dadaab refugee camp | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 199 | 0.5 | NR | NR | |
Ismail, 2007 [145] | 2007 | Hargeisa | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 108 | 7.4 | NR | NR | |
NAP, 2010 [146] | 2007 | Puntland | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | NR | 1.5 | NR | NR | |
Sudan | McCarthy, 1989 [147] | 1987 | Port Sudan and Suakin | NR | Conv | Clients of FSWs | 157 | 0 | NR | Subsample including only clients of FSWs |
McCarthy, 1989 [148] | 1987–1988 | Gederef, Port Sudan, Kassala, Omdurman, and Juba | Outpatient military clinics | Conv | Soldiers clients of FSWs | 398 | 2.5 | NR | Subsample including only soldiers reporting a history of contact with FSWs | |
McCarthy, 1995 [109] | NR | Juba, South Sudan | STI clinics | Conv | STI clinic attendees clients of FSWs | 37 | 13.5 | NR | Subsample including only men reporting contact with FSWs in the past 10 years | |
US Cens. Bureau, 2017 [149] | 2004 | Khartoum | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 72 | 1.4 | NR | NR | |
US Cens. Bureau, 2017 [149] | 2004 | Red Sea | Sent. surv. | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 164 | 1.8 | NR | NR | |
Yemen | Abdol-Quauder, 1993 [150] | 1992 | Sanaa | STI clinic | Conv | STI clinic attendees | 30 | 0 | NR | NR |