Country | Studies (N) | Samples | HIV prevalence | Pooled mean HIV prevalence** | Heterogeneity measures | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tested | HIV positive | Median* (%) | Range* (%) | % | 95% CI | Q (p value)† | I2‡ (%; 95% CI) | Prediction interval£ (95%) | ||||
FSWs | Low-level⁑ | Afghanistan | 9 | 3578 | 7 | 0 | 0–0.90 | 0.03 | 0.00–0.18 | 7.59 (p = 0.4744) | 0.0 (0.0–62.9) | 0.00–0.22 |
Bahrain | 1 | 724 | 6 | 0.83 | – | 0.83¥ | 0.30–1.80 | – | – | – | ||
Egypt | 33 | 7222 | 16 | 0 | 0–1.49 | 0.03 | 0.00–0.14 | 36.26 (p = 0.2765) | 12.8 (0.0–43.4) | 0.00–0.34 | ||
Iran | 32 | 17,277 | 211 | 0.02 | 0–14.00 | 0.99 | 0.34–1.88 | 569.63 (p < 0.0001) | 94.6 (93.2–95.6) | 0.00–8.84 | ||
Iraq | 29 | 15,852 | 1 | 0 | 0–0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 6.24 (p = 1.0000) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.00–0.00 | ||
Jordan | 7 | 1024 | 4 | 0 | 0–1.33 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.31 | 3.43 (p = 0.7537) | 0.0 (0.0–48.9) | 0.00–0.48 | ||
Lebanon | 11 | 11,589 | 12 | 0.07 | 0–2.40 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.07 | 18.82 (p = 0.0426) | 46.9 (0.0–73.6) | 0.00–0.33 | ||
Pakistan | 81 | 26,678 | 217 | 0 | 0–8.80 | 0.35 | 0.18–0.57 | 368.57 (p < 0.0001) | 78.3 (73.3–82.3) | 0.00–3.06 | ||
Syria | 56 | 97,071 | 12 | 0 | 0–0.20 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 32.37 (p = 0.9936) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.00–0.00 | ||
Tunisia | 53 | 22,224 | 59 | 0 | 0–2.30 | 0.02 | 0.00–0.11 | 124.81 (p < 0.0001) | 58.3 (43.6–69.2) | 0.00–0.89 | ||
Yemen | 10 | 1767 | 34 | 0.25 | 0–7.00 | 0.82 | 0.00–2.91 | 63.01 (p < 0.0001) | 85.7 (75.6–91.7) | 0.00–11.67 | ||
Intermediate-intensity⁑ | Algeria | 33 | 4241 | 179 | 2.00 | 0–20.00 | 2.39 | 1.02–4.15 | 215.22 (p < 0.0001) | 85.1 (80.1–88.9) | 0.00–15.05 | |
Libya | 4 | 1249 | 28 | 8.43 | 1.08–18.18 | 4.86 | 0.81–11.37 | 34.41 (p < 0.0001) | 91.3 (80.8–96.0) | 0.00–47.09 | ||
Morocco | 200 | 40,507 | 804 | 1.07 | 0–52.90 | 1.11 | 0.83–1.41 | 851.66 (p < 0.0001) | 76.6 (73.3–79.6) | 0.00–5.98 | ||
Somalia | 17 | 2015 | 57 | 0.35 | 0–47.06 | 1.64 | 0.42–3.39 | 61.50 (p < 0.0001) | 74.0 (57.7–83.8) | 0.00–10.24 | ||
Sudan€ | 22 | 7207 | 128 | 0.95 | 0–7.70 | 1.30 | 0.76–1.96 | 98.06 (p < 0.0001) | 78.6 (68.1–85.6) | 0.00–5.26 | ||
Concentrated ⁑ | Djibouti | 68 | 22,028 | 4618 | 18.75 | 0–70.00 | 17.89 | 13.62–22.60 | 5127.36 (p < 0.0001) | 98.7 (98.6–98.8) | 0.00–63.91 | |
South Sudan | 8 | 5466 | 1108 | 18.50 | 2.82–37.90 | 17.32 | 8.66–28.14 | 554.81 (p < 0.0001) | 98.7 (98.3–99.1) | 0.00–61.99 | ||
All countries | 674 | 287,719 | 7501 | 0.26 | 0–70.00 | 1.44 | 1.14–1.76 | 24,605.29 (p < 0.0001) | 97.3 (97.2–97.4) | 0.00–16.49 | ||
Clients of FSWs | Low-level⁑ | Egypt | 6 | 1362 | 3 | 0.17 | 0–0.80 | 0.09 | 0.00–0.42 | 4.82 (p = 0.4386) | 0.0 (0.0–73.7) | 0.00–0.60 |
Kuwait | 6 | 6505 | 1 | 0 | 0–0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.04 | 0.36 (p = 0.9963) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.00–0.07 | ||
Pakistan | 12 | 6498 | 9 | 0 | 0–1.10 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.10 | 14.93 (p = 0.1857) | 26.3 (0.0–62.6) | 0.00–0.42 | ||
Yemen | 1 | 30 | 0 | 0 | – | 0.00¥ | 0.00–11.57 | – | – | – | ||
Intermediate-intensity⁑ | Algeria | 7 | 728 | 22 | 7.29 | 0–25.80 | 3.51 | 0.32–8.90 | 39.79 (p < 0.0001) | 84.9 (70.8–92.2) | 0.00–27.63 | |
Morocco | 84 | 10,348 | 47 | 0 | 0–8.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.05 | 76.30 (p = 0.6854) | 0.0 (0.0–19.9) | 0.00–0.05 | ||
Somalia | 11 | 1010 | 21 | 0.94 | 0–9.62 | 1.38 | 0.25–3.11 | 25.74 (p = 0.0041) | 61.1 (25.0–79.9) | 0.00–8.46 | ||
Sudan€ | 4 | 791 | 14 | 1.61 | 0–2.51 | 1.22 | 0.16–2.97 | 7.02 (p = 0.0711) | 57.3 (0.0–85.8) | 0.00–11.65 | ||
Concentrated⁑ | Djibouti | 15 | 2222 | 217 | 2.20 | 0–34.60 | 5.36 | 1.53–10.81 | 244.98 (p < 0.0001) | 94.3 (92.0–95.9) | 0.00–35.23 | |
South Sudan | 1 | 37 | 5 | 13.5 | – | 13.5¥ | 4.54–28.77 | – | – | – | ||
All countries | 147 | 29,531 | 339 | 0 | 0–34.60 | 0.38 | 0.14–0.71 | 977.96 (p < 0.0001) | 85.1 (82.9–87.0) | 0.00–6.60 |