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Table 1 Effect of IgG levels to Plasmodium falciparum antigens on malaria protection

From: RTS,S/AS01E immunization increases antibody responses to vaccine-unrelated Plasmodium falciparum antigens associated with protection against clinical malaria in African children: a case-control study

Antibody

Month 3 IgG levels

Age (5–17 months)

Site (Manhiça)

Baseline IgG levels

WAZ

Vaccine (RTS,S)

Antigen

OR

p

OR

p

OR

p

OR

p

OR

p

OR

p

Group i antigens

 MSP142 3D7

1.11 (0.7; 1.74)

0.65

  

0.18 (0.08; 0.39)

< 0.001

1.47 (0.96; 2.28)

0.08

    

 MSP142 FVO

0.87 (0.57; 1.29)

0.48

0.5 (0.23; 1.04)

0.07

0.13 (0.05; 0.29)

< 0.001

1.47 (1.02;2.15)

0.04

0.78 (0.56; 1.08)

0.13

0.59 (0.28; 1.2)

0.15

 EXP1

0.8 (0.47; 1.33)

0.39

  

0.19 (0.08; 0.43)

< 0.001

1.94 (1.24; 3.12)

0.005

0.75 (0.54; 1.05)

0.1

0.53 (0.25; 1.1)

0.09

 AMA1 FVO

1.6 (1.15; 2.27)

0.006

  

0.13 (0.06; 0.25)

< 0.001

      

 AMA1 3D7

0.98 (0.51; 1.83)

0.94

  

0.14 (0.07; 0.28)

< 0.001

1.54 (0.93; 2.67)

0.1

0.78 (0.56; 1.08)

0.14

0.56 (0.27; 1.15)

0.12

Group ii antigens

 pTRAMP

1.01 (0.51; 2.03)

0.98

0.42 (0.2; 0.85)

0.02

0.12 (0.06; 0.25)

< 0.001

2.18 (1.16; 4.21)

0.02

  

0.54 (0.26; 1.11)

0.1

 EBA175 R2(F2)

0.96 (0.56; 1.64)

0.89

0.49 (0.24; 0.98)

0.047

0.09 (0.04; 0.18)

< 0.001

      

 PfRH1

1.58 (0.79; 3.19)

0.2

0.4 (0.18; 0.83)

0.02

0.11 (0.05; 0.23)

< 0.001

  

0.79 (0.56; 1.09)

0.15

  

 MSP3 3D7

1.32 (0.77; 2.3)

0.32

0.51 (0.25; 1.02)

0.06

0.1 (0.05; 0.2)

< 0.001

      

 Var2csa DBL3–4

1.03 (0.5;2.1)

0.94

0.5 (0.21; 1.13)

0.1

0.09 (0.04; 0.2)

< 0.001

      

 p41

1.41 (0.64; 3.16)

0.4

0.46 (0.22; 0.94)

0.04

0.1 (0.05; 0.19)

< 0.001

      

 MSP2 FL Dd2

0.89 (0.47; 1.61)

0.71

  

0.25 (0.11; 0.57)

0.001

2.15 (1.31; 3.67)

0.003

0.76 (0.54; 1.06)

0.11

0.52 (0.25; 1.07)

0.08

 MSP2 FL CH150

1.02 (0.57; 1.83)

0.96

  

0.25 (0.11; 0.58)

0.001

2.05 (1.31; 3.29)

0.002

0.76 (0.54; 1.06)

0.11

0.44 (0.2; 0.92)

0.03

 MSP1 Bl2 hybrid

1.11 (0.68; 1.83)

0.67

0.5 (0.24; 0.98)

0.049

0.09 (0.04; 0.19)

< 0.001

      

 MSP3 3C

1.22 (0.74; 2.01)

0.43

0.41 (0.19; 0.84)

0.02

0.1 (0.05; 0.22)

< 0.001

1.67 (0.94; 2.99)

0.08

  

0.55 (0.27; 1.14)

0.11

 PfRH2 b240

1.03 (0.49; 2.18)

0.94

0.49 (0.24; 0.98)

0.049

0.09 (0.04; 0.19)

< 0.001

      

 LSA1

0.88 (0.51; 1.49)

0.64

0.5 (0.24; 0.99)

0.051

0.09 (0.04; 0.18)

< 0.001

      

 MSP1 Bl2 PA17

0.96 (0.53; 1.7)

0.89

0.5 (0.24; 0.98)

0.048

0.09 (0.04; 0.18)

< 0.001

      

 Var2csa DBL1–2

0.9 (0.37; 2.27)

0.82

  

0.14 (0.07; 0.29)

< 0.001

2.06 (1.01; 4.26)

0.047

  

0.57 (0.28; 1.16)

0.12

 CyRPA

1.81 (0.76; 4.43)

0.18

0.4 (0.18; 0.82)

0.02

0.1 (0.04; 0.19)

< 0.001

  

0.79 (0.57; 1.09)

0.15

0.57 (0.28; 1.17)

0.13

 CelTOS

1.55 (0.77; 3.13)

0.22

0.41 (0.19; 0.85)

0.02

0.1 (0.05; 0.2)

< 0.001

  

0.79 (0.57; 1.09)

0.16

0.58 (0.28; 1.18)

0.13

 RH4.9

0.62 (0.3; 1.26)

0.19

0.53 (0.26; 1.05)

0.07

0.08 (0.04; 0.16)

< 0.001

      

Group iii antigens

 DBL-α

1.35 (0.62; 2.91)

0.44

0.45 (0.21;0.92)

0.03

0.12 (0.05; 0.24)

< 0.001

1.9 (0.88; 4.22)

0.11

    

 RH5

1.93 (0.98; 4.01)

0.07

0.38 (0.17; 0.79)

0.01

0.11 (0.05; 0.21)

< 0.001

  

0.78 (0.56; 1.08)

0.15

0.51 (0.24; 1.07)

0.08

 SSP2 (TRAP)

0.52 (0.26; 0.98)

0.05

  

0.11 (0.05; 0.23)

< 0.001

2.29 (1.14; 4.8)

0.02

    

 MSP1 Bl2 Mad20

0.61 (0.13; 2.7)

0.52

0.55 (0.26; 1.13)

0.11

0.14 (0.07; 0.3)

< 0.001

5.91 (1.5; 29.52)

0.02

0.79 (0.57; 1.09)

0.15

  

 MSP6

1.19 (0.56; 2.61)

0.65

0.47 (0.21; 0.98)

0.05

0.14 (0.06; 0.3)

< 0.001

1.63 (0.89; 3.01)

0.12

0.78 (0.56; 1.07)

0.12

0.51 (0.23; 1.09)

0.08

 RH2 (2030)

1.37 (0.72; 2.65)

0.35

0.51 (0.25; 1.01)

0.059

0.1 (0.04; 0.19)

< 0.001

    

0.55 (0.26; 1.16)

0.12

 EBA175 R3–5

1.17 (0.71; 1.96)

0.54

0.45 (0.21; 0.91)

0.03

0.1 (0.05; 0.2)

< 0.001

  

0.79 (0.57; 1.09)

0.16

0.55 (0.25; 1.18)

0.13

 MSP5

0.78 (0.48; 1.25)

0.3

0.49 (0.23; 1)

0.056

0.12 (0.06; 0.24)

< 0.001

2.06 (1.26; 3.45)

0.005

    

 EBA140 R3–5

1.21 (0.69; 2.14)

0.5

0.47 (0.22; 0.94)

0.04

0.09 (0.04; 0.18)

< 0.001

    

0.54 (0.24; 1.19)

0.13

 MSP1 Bl2 RO33

0.53 (0.3; 0.93)

0.03

0.53 (0.25; 1.07)

0.08

0.1 (0.04; 0.21)

< 0.001

1.64 (0.93; 3.03)

0.1

    

 MSP1 Bl2 Well

0.55 (0.3; 0.99)

0.05

0.51 (0.23; 1.07)

0.08

0.1 (0.05; 0.2)

< 0.001

2.06 (0.95; 4.72)

0.08

    

 MSP1 Bl2 3D7

0.63 (0.39; 1)

0.054

0.47 (0.22; 0.96)

0.042

0.08 (0.04; 0.17)

< 0.001

  

0.79 (0.56; 1.09)

0.16

  

 RH4.2

0.85 (0.52; 1.38)

0.51

0.53 (0.25; 1.06)

0.08

0.09 (0.04; 0.18)

< 0.001

      
  1. Each line shows the multivariable logistic regression model’s results with IgG levels to each antigen (expressed as log10 of the median fluorescence intensity measured by quantitative suspension array technology) at month 3 as predictors and clinical malaria as outcome, adjusted by covariates. Columns show the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals and p values (significant in italics) of the month 3 IgG levels and the covariables retained in the models for some antigens (in parenthesis the category that is compared to the reference). Variables that were not significant or did not improve the multivariable model are not shown. WAZ weight-for-age Z-score, FL full length, Bl2 block 2